Every captured commit receives deterministic security triage and a separate communication-quality score. Security candidates and broader second-pass signals receive full-patch Ollama analysis.
Message quality measures whether a commit identifies its scope, purpose, rationale, testing, and supporting references. It does not change the security-severity score.
This commit fixes a small but meaningful bug in the Ledger Bitcoin app's code that handles advanced multi-signature (MuSig) operations. A function called crypto_tr_lift_x can fail when given an invalid x-coordinate that does not correspond…
Unchecked return value from cryptographic point-lifting functionPotential use of invalid/uninitialized curve point in MuSig signing flowMissing error propagation in compressed public-key parsing
This commit hardens a Bitcoin transaction parser in Ledger's app. It changes some numeric fields to safer types, adds bounds checks on transaction counts and sizes, rejects extra trailing bytes after a transaction, checks a previously-igno…
Integer type narrowing and sentinel change from -1 to SIZE_MAXBounds checks before uint64_t to unsigned int castsReturn value of parser_consolidate_buffers now checked
This commit changes what information the Ledger Bitcoin app shows on its screen when signing a transaction that includes 'external inputs'—coins the user did not provide and whose amounts the device cannot independently verify. Previously …
UI/UX hardening: additional contextual data shown for transactions with unverified external inputsNo change to cryptographic checks, sighash validation, or input verificationExternal inputs warning is preserved; new data is displayed only when the input set is closed (no ANYONECANPAY)
This commit only updates test screenshot snapshots for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It does not change any application source code, so it cannot directly fix or introduce a security vulnerability in the shipped app. The snapshots reflect new ex…
No source-code changes in the commitOnly test snapshot images (PNG) are modified or addedCommit title references trustworthy amount/fee display for non-default sighash, suggesting a prior functional change exists elsewhere
This commit only adds and updates automated integration tests for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It does not change the app's actual signing code. The tests verify that the device now shows clearer, more trustworthy on-screen amount and fee infor…
No C/device firmware code changesTest-only commit adjusting UI navigation expectationsNew tests assert that negative fees are rejected for default sighash but allowed/relabeled for ANYONECANPAY sighash
This commit only adds new automated unit tests for functions that decide how transaction amounts and fees are displayed on a Ledger device when signing a Bitcoin transaction with non-standard signature hash (sighash) modes. It does not cha…
Commit title references trustworthy amount/fee display for non-default sighash, a historically sensitive area in hardware-wallet signing UITests cover sighash commitment semantics (SIGHASH_NONE, SIGHASH_SINGLE, SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY combinations) that directly affect what outputs a signature commits toNo functional code changes in this commit; only unit-test additions
This commit changes how the Ledger Bitcoin app shows transaction amounts and fees on the device screen when a user signs a transaction that does not use the normal 'sign everything' rule (a so-called non-default sighash). Previously the ap…
This commit is a small code cleanup in the Ledger Bitcoin app. It removes an initial loop that counted commands and instead checks for the end marker directly while processing. The author says the old loop was unnecessary and caused a harm…
Commit message explicitly frames the change as removing a redundant scan and a static-analysis false positive, not as a security fix.No change to parsing, cryptography, authorization, or transaction semantics.Functional behavior for valid command lists is equivalent before and after the patch.
This commit only fixes a documentation/declaration inconsistency in a C header file. The function parameter name in the comment is changed from `in_len` to `inlen` to match the actual declaration, and the output pointer is annotated with a…
This commit adds test-only helper code for creating Bitcoin transaction fixtures that support newer wallet types (MuSig2 multi-signature and several legacy/wrapped SegWit descriptor forms). It is not a change to the Ledger app firmware its…
No security-relevant signal: change is in test utilities onlyAdds cryptographic helper for MuSig2 key aggregation in test fixturesAdds P2SH/P2SH-P2WPKH/P2SH-P2WSH script generation in test fixtures
This commit is purely a build-system and test-harness cleanup. It refactors CMakeLists.txt, updates comments, simplifies the speculos test bridge, and removes a workaround in a test file. Nothing here changes the actual Ledger Bitcoin app …
This commit only adds new unit tests and renames some existing test functions. It does not change any production code behavior, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability or fix one on its own.
This commit only adds unit tests and a test-only bridge implementation for cryptographic signing functions. It does not change the actual device application code that users rely on, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability in the sh…
This commit is a test-only refactoring: it removes a set of local mock SDK headers and a software SHA-256 implementation used by unit tests, and instead makes those tests run against the real Ledger SDK headers through the existing Speculo…
No production code changesTest infrastructure refactoring onlyRemoval of local cryptographic mock in favor of real SDK/speculos bridge
This commit is purely about improving the project's automated test setup. It links unit tests to a software simulator (Speculos) so cryptographic code can be tested on a regular computer without a physical Ledger device. It adds tests for …
This commit is purely a testing infrastructure cleanup. It removes a workaround called SKIP_FOR_CMOCKA that previously hid parts of the code from unit tests, and instead compiles those parts using a more realistic emulator bridge (speculos…
This commit only adds unit tests and test-support code. It does not change the actual Bitcoin app that runs on Ledger devices, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability in shipped firmware. The changes make the test harness able to s…
This commit only adds helper functions for unit tests to convert Bitcoin extended public keys (xpubs) between base58 string form and raw binary form. It does not change the actual Ledger app code that runs on the device, nor does it fix or…
This commit only adds unit tests and test infrastructure for Bitcoin Taproot cryptographic helpers. It does not change the actual app code that runs on the hardware wallet, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability in shipped firmwar…
This commit is a routine cleanup of the project's unit-test code. It removes duplicate mock implementations of a small helper function called `pic()` from 14 test files and places a single shared version in a mock header. The change only a…
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AI review queuedFix missing return value checks for point_add callsby Salvatore Ingala · b1132395 · Aug 4, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 65 · AdequateTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Fix missing return value checks for point_add calls
Also made the cast from size_t to int explicit, and fixed PRINTF message that had an off-by-one.
65/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedMerge pull request #539 from LedgerHQ/fix-stack-exhaustionby Salvatore Ingala · 1621b7fa · Aug 4, 2026 · 7 filesMessage 58 · ThinTriage 0Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Merge pull request #539 from LedgerHQ/fix-stack-exhaustion
Fix stack exhaustion
58/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Links an issue, advisory, or supporting reference! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathmerge-commit duplicate discountsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedAdd functional tests for the policy depth limitsby Salvatore Ingala · a81554f8 · Aug 4, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 55 · ThinTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Add functional tests for the policy depth limits
55/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedLimit the amount of nesting for `thresh` fragments to 4by Salvatore Ingala · d4e23574 · Aug 4, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 73 · AdequateTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Limit the amount of nesting for `thresh` fragments to 4
compute_thresh_ops and compute_thresh_stacksize each need two arrays of MAX_N_IN_THRESH + 2 counters. Since they were inlined by the compiler, they bloat the size of the stack frame of compute_miniscript_policy_ext_info, which vastly reduces the stack usage on usual policies.
Yet, stack usage would remain very large on policies that recursively nest 'thresh' fragments. Therefore, we add a limit of 4 nested thresh expressions, by keeping track in the parsing context.
73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedMove the wallet confirmation stage out of the handler's frameby Salvatore Ingala · ff2a7c7a · Aug 4, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 73 · AdequateTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Move the wallet confirmation stage out of the handler's frame
By not inlining the called functions, the memory occupation can be substantially improved, as a lot of the data used during validation are no longer needed during rendering and UI.
73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedCount miniscript wrappers in the parser's recursion depth limitby Salvatore Ingala · ed7cd029 · Aug 4, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 73 · AdequateTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Count miniscript wrappers in the parser's recursion depth limit
parse_script bounds the depth of the parsed policy with MAX_PARSE_SCRIPT_RECURSION_DEPTH, but the miniscript wrappers were not charged to that budget; this can cause stack exhaustion in other functions that process the parsed AST recursively.
73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedLowers MAX_N_IN_THRESH to 24by Salvatore Ingala · 97ad772a · Aug 4, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 70 · AdequateTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Lowers MAX_N_IN_THRESH to 24
It is extremely unlikely to be hit in practice, and has a large memory impact because of the dynamic programming tables of compute_thresh_ops() and compute_thresh_stacksize()
The dynamic programming tables of compute_thresh_ops() and compute_thresh_stacksize() are sized for MAX_N_IN_THRESH, causing them to contribute a substantial stack usage, especially with nested thresh fragments.
AI review queuedFor external input amounts, only show if trustworthyby Salvatore Ingala · 5174611d · Jul 24, 2026 · 5 filesMessage 85 · StrongTriage 20Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
For external input amounts, only show if trustworthy
Because legacy and SegwitV0 sighash algorithm doesn't commit to the other inputs' amounts, the amount of external inputs is only trustworthy if validated via the non-witness-utxo. That is not a problem for taproot.
85/100 · StrongMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Explains rationale or failure mode
Why it was queued
defensive validationsigning or wallet pathsecond-pass: near security thresholdsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedAdd testcase for registering a policy with too high confusion scoreby Salvatore Ingala · 20963719 · Jul 17, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 83 · StrongTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Add testcase for registering a policy with too high confusion score
The test verifies that register_wallet still succeeds, but showing the raw descriptor template (fallback to usual behavior) rather than the cleartext version.
Also, slightly refactored the shared code across unit tests.
83/100 · StrongMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedShow cleartext representation of wallet policy, when possibleby Salvatore Ingala · f883a913 · Jul 17, 2026 · 7 filesMessage 83 · StrongTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Show cleartext representation of wallet policy, when possible
Wires the cleartext engine into the register-wallet flow: the handler computes the confusion score and, when below the threshold, renders the cleartext spending-path lines shown before the raw descriptor template.
For multisig wallet policies specifically, this also simplifies the UX by omitting the raw descriptor template altogether. This is safe for such simple policies, with very little ambiguity. In the long term, we might be able to extend this to more complex wallet policies, but that needs to be done intentionally, and possibly be an opt-in feature that is explicitly requested by software wallets that adapt their own UX accordingly.
Unit tests of register_wallet had to be adapted slightly to take into account that the descriptor is not always shown.
83/100 · StrongMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI review queuedAdd testcases with snapshots for multisig k-of-n and several taproot leavesby Salvatore Ingala · fd75dadd · Jul 17, 2026 · 108 filesMessage 50 · ThinTriage 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala
Add testcases with snapshots for multisig k-of-n and several taproot leaves
50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: unusually broad changesecond-pass: security-sensitive path