LD
← All projectsLedger

Ledger Bitcoin app

Open-source Bitcoin application running on Ledger devices; the device OS is outside this repository.

BitcoinHardware walletsNormal
Repository coverage

374 commits in the local evidence base

Every captured commit receives deterministic security triage and a separate communication-quality score. Security candidates and broader second-pass signals receive full-patch Ollama analysis.

101security candidates144second-pass queue345AI analyses
40commits · 30 days
95commits · 60 days
233commits · 180 days
370commits · 365 days
Backfill bands
Aug 5 → Feb 670 seen8 candidatesComplete
Feb 6 → Jun 6149 seen21 candidatesComplete
Jun 6 → Jul 623 seen0 candidatesComplete
Jul 6 → Aug 555 seen5 candidatesComplete
Commit communication

Does the history explain itself?

Message quality measures whether a commit identifies its scope, purpose, rationale, testing, and supporting references. It does not change the security-severity score.

54/100 average clarity
22Strong · 80–100
117Adequate · 60–79
177Thin · 40–59
58Opaque · 0–39
6security candidates with opaque commit messaging
Read the scoring rubric →
Developer activity

Who is changing the project?

Public Git author strings; identities are not independently verified.

DeveloperCommitsCandidatesAnalyzedHigh riskMessage avg.
Salvatore Ingala23271205658
Ilya Artemov962696145
Aymeric Robert434063
github-actions[bot]17117046
Mathias BROUSSET16015038
José Luis Landabaso Díaz404067
iartemov-ledger201051
Cerberus Merlin101062
Michael Evans101073
Charles-Edouard de la Vergne101045
Analysis record

Published AI watches

Last scanned 41 minutes ago

Low 37 AI analysisMessage 58 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #569 from LedgerHQ/client-fixes

This commit fixes how Ledger's Bitcoin client libraries convert older PSBTv0 transaction data into the newer PSBTv2 format that Ledger hardware wallets expect. The changes correct several field-handling bugs: the transaction locktime is no…

PSBTv0-to-v2 conversion bug fixesMissing input sequence defaulted to 0xffffffff (final sequence)Locktime assigned to transaction object instead of PSBT object
034b9d04by Salvatore Ingala+368−85911 files
No security note in commit
Informational 24 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

python client: use default value for nSequence if not given

This commit fixes a small bug in the Python helper library that builds unsigned Bitcoin transactions from PSBT data. Previously, if a PSBT did not explicitly include a per-input sequence number, the code would crash with an assertion error…

Behavioral change in transaction serialization helperRemoves an assertion that could cause crashes on valid PSBTs missing optional sequence fieldsAligns implementation with BIP-370 and HWI upstream behavior
2bf0eed6by Salvatore Ingala+3−21 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Bump ledger_bitcoin_client version to 0.7.0

This commit only updates a version number from 0.6.2 to 0.7.0 in two Rust package files. It is a routine bookkeeping change because the public interface of the PSBT module changed, requiring a minor version bump under semantic versioning r…

cfb530b9by Salvatore Ingala+2−22 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 83 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

js tests: drop a bogus required height locktime of 0 from test PSBTs

This commit only changes hardcoded test data used in JavaScript unit tests. It removes an invalid zero-value locktime field from two PSBT (Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction) test fixtures so they conform to the BIP-370 standard. No prod…

ec992074by Salvatore Ingala+6−32 files
No security note in commit
Low 48 AI analysisMessage 95 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

python client: fix three PSBTv2 defects in psbt.py

This commit fixes three bugs in a Python helper that converts modern PSBTv2 transaction data into the older PSBTv0 format used by Ledger hardware wallets. The bugs could silently corrupt the transaction's lock time and version fields durin…

Silent data corruption in transaction serialization (nLockTime, tx_version, fallback_locktime)PSBTv2 to PSBTv0 conversion path affectedPotential for producing an unsigned transaction that does not match the PSBT's declared fields
04ba9e7bby Salvatore Ingala+6−31 file
No security note in commit
Low 35 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

rust client: build PSBTv2 maps from all pairs, not an enumerated list

This commit refactors how the Ledger Bitcoin app's Rust client converts a PSBT (Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction) from version 0 to version 2. Previously, the code manually listed every PSBT field it knew how to serialize, which risked…

Refactor of PSBT serialization path used before signing on hardware walletRemoval of hand-maintained field enumeration that could omit or mis-serialize PSBT fieldsAddition of explicit error handling for PSBTs containing pre-existing v2 keys that conflict with v0 transaction data
a16bb101by Salvatore Ingala+344−8484 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 38 · Opaque
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Version bump to v2.5.1

This commit is a routine version bump from 2.5.0 to 2.5.1 for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It only updates the changelog and Makefile version number. No code changes are present in the diff, and no security fixes or vulnerabilities are describe…

e7618c98by Ilya Artemov+5−42 files
No security note in commit
Low 27 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #546 from LedgerHQ/simplify_ast

This commit is a large internal refactoring of the Ledger Bitcoin app's wallet-policy parser. It replaces compact 'relative pointers' with ordinary memory pointers in the abstract syntax tree (AST) used to represent Bitcoin wallet descript…

Large-scale memory-layout refactoring of security-critical parserRemoval of custom relative-pointer abstraction, eliminating a class of offset-calculation bugsIncrease in policy buffer size limits and key-info length limits
efee9c25by Salvatore Ingala+412−55812 files
No security note in commit
Low 37 AI analysisMessage 85 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Increase MAX_POLICY_KEY_INFO_LEN to the actual maximum; nits from PR review

This commit fixes a size limit in the Ledger Bitcoin app that was too small. The app uses this limit when registering Bitcoin wallet policies (descriptions of how to spend coins). The old limit underestimated how long a key description can…

Buffer/limit size correction for key origin infoRemoval of unused ledger_assert.h includeComment-only updates to serialized wallet policy length bounds
afd42b6dby Salvatore Ingala+5−61 file
No security note in commit
Low 32 AI analysisMessage 68 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #556 from LedgerHQ/mem_opt

This commit removes an old memory workaround in Ledger's Bitcoin app. Previously, a large data structure used during transaction signing was stored in global memory instead of on the function's stack, because some Ledger devices were thoug…

Memory allocation model changed for high-risk signing pathStack-size build-time guard changed for Nano XGlobal cache removed; signing state now lives on stack
3aa53954by Salvatore Ingala+9−275 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #558 from LedgerHQ/embit_private

This commit simply renames an internal Python package from `embit` to `_embit` (a common convention indicating it is private/implementation detail) and updates all import statements accordingly. There is no functional code change and no se…

d438dd03by Salvatore Ingala+7−731 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 61 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #559 from LedgerHQ/parse_unhardened

This update fixes a boundary bug in how the Ledger Bitcoin app parses wallet policies that use multi-path key expressions like /<M;N>/*. The app was supposed to reject hardened (high-security) derivation indexes, but it incorrectly allowed…

Boundary condition error: hardened derivation index 0x80000000 accepted as unhardenedWallet policy parser validation bypass in multi-path key expressionsRegression unit test added for hardened boundary rejection
96e999feby Salvatore Ingala+49−298 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Label unsigned constants in constants.h

This commit only adds 'U' suffixes to numeric constants in a header file and makes a few matching type adjustments in C source files so the code still compiles cleanly with strict compiler warnings. It is a code-quality cleanup, not a secu…

e1fcefb4by Salvatore Ingala+27−276 files
No security note in commit
Low 25 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Pin @bitcoinerlab/descriptors to v3.1.7

This commit changes a JavaScript package dependency from allowing any compatible 3.x version of @bitcoinerlab/descriptors to a fixed, exact version (3.1.7). Pinning a dependency is often done to prevent unexpected future changes, but the c…

Dependency version pinningNo explicit security claim in commit messageNo code-level security fix visible in diff
6262d104by Salvatore Ingala+101−122 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 60 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Reject 0x80000000 as an unhardened step in wallet policy parsing

This commit fixes a boundary-check bug in how the Ledger Bitcoin app parses wallet policies (BIP-388). The app was supposed to reject any hardened derivation step in a specific range expression, but it allowed the value 2147483648 (0x80000…

Off-by-one boundary check in BIP-388 wallet policy parsingForbidden hardened derivation index accepted as unhardenedPotential failure or incorrect behavior in address derivation and signing
44f98a0eby Salvatore Ingala+2−21 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 47 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Add regression test for unhardened derivation step parsing

This commit only adds a new regression test to the Bitcoin app's test suite. The test checks that wallet policy key expressions reject a specific boundary value (2147483648, the first 'hardened' child index) where only 'unhardened' values …

Regression test for hardened/unhardened derivation index boundary parsingCommit message states older version accepted 0x80000000 as unhardenedNo production code change in this commit
ce2c25c6by Salvatore Ingala+20−01 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Mark vendored embit clone 'private' in python client

This commit simply renames a vendored (internally bundled) copy of the 'embit' library inside the Python client from `embit` to `_embit`. The leading underscore is a Python convention meaning 'private/internal use only.' No code behavior c…

141e88f2by Salvatore Ingala+7−731 files
No security note in commit
Low 33 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Delete the hash context before return in compute_rand_i_j

This commit adds a memory wipe of a cryptographic hash context after it is used to derive a secret random value in the Ledger Bitcoin app's MuSig multi-signature code. The change is described by the developer as a 'defense-in-depth' measur…

explicit_bzero added to clear sensitive cryptographic contextMuSig signing randomness treated as sensitive after partial signatures are knownDefense-in-depth memory hygiene patch
121a18ceby Salvatore Ingala+3−01 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Moderate 67 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Harden count_distinct_keys_info to correctly count the used keys

This commit fixes a bug in Ledger's Bitcoin app that could let a wallet policy slip through registration even when it contained unused or out-of-range public keys. The old code simply looked at the highest key index referenced in the walle…

Logic flaw in wallet policy validationPotential bypass of internal-key ownership check via unused key slotsBounds checking added for key indices
d94c51a2by Salvatore Ingala+52−124 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 44 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Reject registering wallet policies with pubkeys not on the curve

This commit adds an early safety check in the Ledger Bitcoin app. Before registering a new wallet policy, the app now verifies that each public key is a valid point on the Bitcoin elliptic curve. Previously, an invalid public key would onl…

Input validation added for cryptographic public key pointsInvalid curve points now rejected at wallet registration time rather than deferred to address derivationUse of standard status word SW_INCORRECT_DATA for malformed input
d0c47c7aby Salvatore Ingala+9−01 file
No security note in commit
Repository ledger

Explore captured commits

Expand any commit for its author, full message, clarity score, changed files, triage signals, analysis, and source link.

Lower-priorityAdd tests for various Merkle-tree related functionalitiesby Salvatore Ingala · b4a43096 · May 19, 2026 · 9 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add tests for various Merkle-tree related functionalities

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds new automated unit tests for Merkle-tree helper functions in the Ledger Bitcoin app. It does not change any production firmware code, so it cannot by itself introduce a security vulnerability or fix one. The tests exercise functions that verify Merkle proofs, retrieve leaf data, and stream key-value map entries.

Lower-priorityAdd reactive tampering functionality to mock dispatcherby Salvatore Ingala · 16ea324a · May 19, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 83 · StrongInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add reactive tampering functionality to mock dispatcher

A malicious client could tamper with the protocol arbitrarily.
This adds a way of modifying the responses of the mock dispatcher
in an arbitrary way, allowing to test more precise or malicious
behaviors.

83/100 · StrongMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Mentions testing or verification
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds a new testing feature to the unit-test mock dispatcher. It lets test authors simulate a malicious client that tampers with protocol responses. It does not change the actual Ledger Bitcoin app code, does not introduce a real vulnerability, and is not a security fix. It is purely test infrastructure.

Lower-priorityAdd various tests with client tamperingby Salvatore Ingala · 2e7ff701 · May 19, 2026 · 6 filesMessage 55 · ThinInformational 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add various tests with client tampering

55/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit only adds new unit tests that simulate a malicious or buggy companion app sending bad data to the Ledger device. It does not change the actual security code being tested. The tests check that the device-side functions correctly reject corrupted Merkle proofs, wrong leaf indices, bad preimage lengths, and interrupted communications. Because no production code is modified, the commit itself does not introduce or fix a vulnerability; it improves test coverage for existing defensive behavior.

Security candidateNits from reviewby Salvatore Ingala · 9e23b56d · May 19, 2026 · 6 filesMessage 28 · OpaqueInformational 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Nits from review

28/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! No meaningful explanatory body! Opaque security-relevant change
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit is a small cleanup following a code review. It updates comments, adds safety checks to a test-only mock function, increases a test mock queue size, and adds a missing standard header include. None of the changes affect the real device firmware's security behavior.

Security candidateAdditional unit testsby Salvatore Ingala · e130db4d · May 19, 2026 · 6 filesMessage 73 · AdequateInformational 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Additional unit tests

This reaches 100% coverage, except a few lines that can't be
covered (either gcov artifacts, or non-reachable code because of
defense-in-depth checks).

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Explains rationale or failure mode✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit only adds new unit tests to the Ledger Bitcoin app. It does not change any production code, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability or fix one directly. The tests exercise edge cases and adversarial inputs for functions that handle Merkle-tree preimages and BIP32 derivation extraction, which helps confirm existing defensive checks reject malformed data.

Lower-priorityAdd tests for get_merkleized_map and get_merkleized_map_valueby Salvatore Ingala · 2f65cceb · May 19, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add tests for get_merkleized_map and get_merkleized_map_value

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds new automated unit tests for two existing functions in Ledger's Bitcoin app. It does not change the actual app code that runs on devices, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability or fix one by itself. The tests check that the functions correctly fetch and decode data from tamper-evident Merkle trees and reject malformed or corrupted inputs.

Security candidateMove some duplicated mocking code to headersby Salvatore Ingala · 3ac25325 · May 19, 2026 · 15 filesMessage 70 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Move some duplicated mocking code to headers

These lines where was also confusing gcov coverage measurements;
this should address it.

70/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine cleanup of the project's unit-test code. It removes duplicate mock implementations of a small helper function called `pic()` from 14 test files and places a single shared version in a mock header. The change only affects test code, not the actual Ledger Bitcoin app that runs on devices. The commit message says the cleanup was done to fix confusing code-coverage measurements. There is no indication this fixes a security vulnerability or changes how the app behaves.

Security candidateSimplify unit test setup/teardown, and allocate state on the heapby Salvatore Ingala · d4be5ca1 · May 19, 2026 · 12 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Simplify unit test setup/teardown, and allocate state on the heap

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a pure refactoring of the project's unit tests. It replaces manually initialized static mock dispatcher objects with heap-allocated ones managed by cmocka test fixtures, and moves hash-pool reset into the common setup function. There is no change to the actual Ledger Bitcoin app firmware or its security-critical code, so this commit does not introduce or fix any user-facing security vulnerability.

AI review queuedfix pypi deployby Mathias BROUSSET · 01133ef8 · May 18, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 28 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

fix pypi deploy

28/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discountsecond-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit removes a single line from a GitHub Actions CI workflow file. The removed line disabled a JFrog deployment option for a Python package publishing job. It is a routine build/pipeline configuration fix with no apparent security relevance.

AI review queuedremove pypi tokenby Mathias BROUSSET · 42bdeb0f · May 18, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 28 · OpaqueLow 27Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

remove pypi token

28/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discountsecond-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Low 27/100

This commit removes a PyPI (Python package publishing) API token from a public GitHub Actions workflow file. The change itself is a cleanup step, likely after the token was exposed or no longer needed. It does not show whether the token was ever valid, leaked, or misused, but removing exposed credentials is a standard security hygiene measure.

AI review queuedRefactor the common pre-pass between produce_musig2_pubnonces and sign_transactionby Salvatore Ingala · 8d96347b · May 11, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 13Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Refactor the common pre-pass between produce_musig2_pubnonces and sign_transaction

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 13/100

This commit is a straightforward code cleanup: it extracts a repeated block of code into a shared helper function. Two existing functions that previously each had their own nearly identical loop now call the helper instead. There is no change to what the code does, only to how it is organized.

Security candidateImprove signing performance in case of several internal keysby Salvatore Ingala · 1d2a4341 · May 11, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 73 · AdequateInformational 13Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Improve signing performance in case of several internal keys

Instead of structuring the sign_transaction and (musig2 pubnonces)
functions as iterating:

for all internal keys:
for all inputs:
<do stuff>

we reverse the nested loop to:

for all inputs
for all internal keys:
<do stuff>

This avoids processing all the psbt keys for the inputs once for
every key placeholder (running it instead once per input), with
no functional change.

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
signing boundarysigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Informational 13/100

This commit is a performance optimization for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It reorders nested loops in two signing-related functions so that the app reads each transaction input's data once and then processes all relevant internal keys, rather than re-reading the input data once per key. The commit message and diff show no functional change—only a reduction in redundant work.

AI review queuedMove taptree hash computation in the inner loop of produce_musig2_pubnoncesby Salvatore Ingala · b0d900fd · May 11, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 17Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Move taptree hash computation in the inner loop of produce_musig2_pubnonces

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 17/100

This commit is a small performance refactor inside the Ledger Bitcoin app. It moves the calculation of a Taproot tree hash (used for advanced multi-signature scripts) so it only runs when actually needed, rather than once per input unconditionally. There is no direct evidence this fixes a security bug; it appears to be an optimization, though it slightly reduces the chance of unnecessary computation or state errors.

Lower-priorityRemove unnecessary port bindings in CI jobsby Salvatore Ingala · 8b4a901c · May 11, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Remove unnecessary port bindings in CI jobs

It might cause intermittent CI failures during container setup

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit removes unused network port mappings from GitHub Actions CI configuration files. It is a routine infrastructure cleanup to reduce random test failures when CI containers start up. It does not change any application code, cryptographic logic, or user-facing behavior, and it does not fix a security vulnerability.

Lower-priorityBump Rust client library to 0.6.2by Salvatore Ingala · 97ae5b41 · May 11, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 80 · StrongInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Bump Rust client library to 0.6.2

Technical version bump to re-run the deployment pipeline.
No code changes versus the 0.6.1. Redeploying because the previous
deployment is missing the README.md on crates.io.

80/100 · StrongMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Explains rationale or failure mode
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes a version number in a packaging file from 0.6.1 to 0.6.2. The stated reason is to re-run the publishing process so the package page on crates.io includes the README file. No program code was modified, and there is no security relevance.

AI review queuedadd CODEOWNERSby Mathias BROUSSET · 4001e47f · May 7, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 18 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

add CODEOWNERS

18/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! Too few words to establish purpose! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discountsecond-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds a GitHub CODEOWNERS file that assigns the embedded-apps-bitcoin team as the default reviewer for all changes. It does not modify any application code, build scripts, or security-sensitive configuration.

Lower-priorityDelete legacy !IO_REVAMPED code, which is no longer usedby Salvatore Ingala · 1dfd28f0 · May 7, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 14Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Delete legacy !IO_REVAMPED code, which is no longer used

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 14/100

This commit removes an old, unused code path that handled device communication when a newer 'revamped' input/output system was not enabled. The change only deletes code that was already guarded by a compile-time flag and no longer used, with no functional change to the active system.

Security candidateEnsure the version of the transaction is 2 for all e2e testsby Salvatore Ingala · 0dd48467 · May 7, 2026 · 4 filesMessage 83 · StrongInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Ensure the version of the transaction is 2 for all e2e tests

Some of the psbts generated in the test suite had nVersion = 1,
which made combinepsbt fail (since changing the nVersion results
in a different sighash).

83/100 · StrongMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
signing boundary
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes automated test files. It forces the test transactions to use Bitcoin transaction version 2 so that a test helper called combinepsbt works correctly. There is no change to the actual Ledger app code that users run, and no security fix or vulnerability is present in the diff.

AI review queuedReplace VarInt with custom UncheckedVarIntby Salvatore Ingala · 6a66e4e2 · May 7, 2026 · 5 filesMessage 68 · AdequateLow 34Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Replace VarInt with custom UncheckedVarInt

rust-bitcoin version 0.32.9 started enforcing a consensus rule that
VarInt objects are at most 0x02000000, while the Bitcoin app
protocol uses it for arbitrary numbers up to 64 bits.

UncheckedVarInt works for any u64.

68/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathparser or protocol pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Low 34/100

This commit swaps the library's standard variable-length integer type for a custom one in Ledger's Bitcoin app client code. The change is needed because a newer version of the rust-bitcoin library started rejecting large varints that the Ledger protocol legitimately uses for non-Bitcoin data. The patch itself is a compatibility fix, not an obvious vulnerability, but it removes a safety boundary and any bugs in the new custom encoder/decoder could affect how the client talks to Ledger devices.

Lower-priorityBump Rust client library to 0.6.1by Salvatore Ingala · 7cc39189 · May 7, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Bump Rust client library to 0.6.1

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes a version number in a package configuration file from 0.6.0 to 0.6.1. There is no code change, no bug fix, and no security-related content visible in the diff.

Lower-priorityenable build comparison and stack usage reportby Mathias BROUSSET · 12a7834f · May 4, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

enable build comparison and stack usage report

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes GitHub CI workflow settings. It turns on two build-reporting features: comparing compiled outputs across builds and reporting how much stack memory the app uses during tests. There is no change to the actual Bitcoin app code, no bug fix, and no security patch.

AI review queuedupdate crate deploymentby Mathias BROUSSET · 7d19c7a3 · May 4, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 28 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

update crate deployment

28/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discountsecond-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit removes two lines from a GitHub Actions CI workflow file. It disables a JFrog deployment step and stops passing a Cargo crate publishing token to that workflow job. There is no change to the actual Bitcoin app code, cryptography, or anything users install on their Ledger devices. It is purely an internal adjustment to how a Rust client library crate is published.

Lower-priorityAdd missing length validation for V2 wallet policiesby Salvatore Ingala · a2ba8560 · May 4, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 73 · AdequateModerate 58Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add missing length validation for V2 wallet policies

With V2 wallet policies, the preimage of the wallet policy is
requested after the wallet poicy header, which already declares its
length. Therefore, the length of the preimage should always match.

Thanks to Rob Hamilton for the bug report.

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
AI analysis · Moderate 58/100

This commit fixes a missing safety check in Ledger's Bitcoin app when handling newer 'V2 wallet policies.' The app was told in advance how long the wallet policy data should be, but it never verified that the actual data matched that length. The fix adds a simple comparison: if the lengths don't match, the app now rejects the request. The commit credits Rob Hamilton for reporting the bug, but no public security advisory or CVE is included in the materials.

Lower-priorityadd call to reusable_app_release.yml for github releasesby Mathias BROUSSET · 8423c8f0 · Apr 27, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

add call to reusable_app_release.yml for github releases

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit adds a new GitHub Actions workflow file that automatically creates a GitHub release whenever a version tag like '1.2.3' is pushed. It calls a reusable release workflow maintained by Ledger. There is no change to the Bitcoin app code, device firmware, or any user-facing security behavior. It is purely a CI/CD automation addition.

Lower-priorityConsistently use version 1 for the protocol version in js clientby Salvatore Ingala · e53bfcdc · Apr 24, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 73 · AdequateInformational 19Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Consistently use version 1 for the protocol version in js client

While the protocol version is ignored on INS=CONTINUE_INTERRUPTED,
both the python and the Rust client consistently use version 1 for
all APDUs.
There is no reason for the JS client to behave differently.

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
AI analysis · Informational 19/100

This is a tiny consistency fix in the JavaScript client for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It changes one number in a command that resumes interrupted operations so it matches the Python and Rust clients. The app already ignores this version number for this specific command, so the change is unlikely to have any security effect on its own. It mainly removes an unexplained difference between client implementations.