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Ledger Bitcoin app

Open-source Bitcoin application running on Ledger devices; the device OS is outside this repository.

BitcoinHardware walletsNormal
Repository coverage

374 commits in the local evidence base

Every captured commit receives deterministic security triage and a separate communication-quality score. Security candidates and broader second-pass signals receive full-patch Ollama analysis.

101security candidates144second-pass queue345AI analyses
37commits · 30 days
95commits · 60 days
233commits · 180 days
370commits · 365 days
Backfill bands
Aug 5 → Feb 670 seen8 candidatesComplete
Feb 6 → Jun 6149 seen21 candidatesComplete
Jun 6 → Jul 623 seen0 candidatesComplete
Jul 6 → Aug 555 seen5 candidatesComplete
Commit communication

Does the history explain itself?

Message quality measures whether a commit identifies its scope, purpose, rationale, testing, and supporting references. It does not change the security-severity score.

54/100 average clarity
22Strong · 80–100
117Adequate · 60–79
177Thin · 40–59
58Opaque · 0–39
6security candidates with opaque commit messaging
Read the scoring rubric →
Developer activity

Who is changing the project?

Public Git author strings; identities are not independently verified.

DeveloperCommitsCandidatesAnalyzedHigh riskMessage avg.
Salvatore Ingala23271205658
Ilya Artemov962696145
Aymeric Robert434063
github-actions[bot]17117046
Mathias BROUSSET16015038
José Luis Landabaso Díaz404067
iartemov-ledger201051
Cerberus Merlin101062
Michael Evans101073
Charles-Edouard de la Vergne101045
Analysis record

Published AI watches

Last scanned 42 minutes ago

Low 37 AI analysisMessage 58 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #569 from LedgerHQ/client-fixes

This commit fixes how Ledger's Bitcoin client libraries convert older PSBTv0 transaction data into the newer PSBTv2 format that Ledger hardware wallets expect. The changes correct several field-handling bugs: the transaction locktime is no…

PSBTv0-to-v2 conversion bug fixesMissing input sequence defaulted to 0xffffffff (final sequence)Locktime assigned to transaction object instead of PSBT object
034b9d04by Salvatore Ingala+368−85911 files
No security note in commit
Informational 24 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

python client: use default value for nSequence if not given

This commit fixes a small bug in the Python helper library that builds unsigned Bitcoin transactions from PSBT data. Previously, if a PSBT did not explicitly include a per-input sequence number, the code would crash with an assertion error…

Behavioral change in transaction serialization helperRemoves an assertion that could cause crashes on valid PSBTs missing optional sequence fieldsAligns implementation with BIP-370 and HWI upstream behavior
2bf0eed6by Salvatore Ingala+3−21 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Bump ledger_bitcoin_client version to 0.7.0

This commit only updates a version number from 0.6.2 to 0.7.0 in two Rust package files. It is a routine bookkeeping change because the public interface of the PSBT module changed, requiring a minor version bump under semantic versioning r…

cfb530b9by Salvatore Ingala+2−22 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 83 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

js tests: drop a bogus required height locktime of 0 from test PSBTs

This commit only changes hardcoded test data used in JavaScript unit tests. It removes an invalid zero-value locktime field from two PSBT (Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction) test fixtures so they conform to the BIP-370 standard. No prod…

ec992074by Salvatore Ingala+6−32 files
No security note in commit
Low 48 AI analysisMessage 95 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

python client: fix three PSBTv2 defects in psbt.py

This commit fixes three bugs in a Python helper that converts modern PSBTv2 transaction data into the older PSBTv0 format used by Ledger hardware wallets. The bugs could silently corrupt the transaction's lock time and version fields durin…

Silent data corruption in transaction serialization (nLockTime, tx_version, fallback_locktime)PSBTv2 to PSBTv0 conversion path affectedPotential for producing an unsigned transaction that does not match the PSBT's declared fields
04ba9e7bby Salvatore Ingala+6−31 file
No security note in commit
Low 35 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

rust client: build PSBTv2 maps from all pairs, not an enumerated list

This commit refactors how the Ledger Bitcoin app's Rust client converts a PSBT (Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction) from version 0 to version 2. Previously, the code manually listed every PSBT field it knew how to serialize, which risked…

Refactor of PSBT serialization path used before signing on hardware walletRemoval of hand-maintained field enumeration that could omit or mis-serialize PSBT fieldsAddition of explicit error handling for PSBTs containing pre-existing v2 keys that conflict with v0 transaction data
a16bb101by Salvatore Ingala+344−8484 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 38 · Opaque
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Version bump to v2.5.1

This commit is a routine version bump from 2.5.0 to 2.5.1 for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It only updates the changelog and Makefile version number. No code changes are present in the diff, and no security fixes or vulnerabilities are describe…

e7618c98by Ilya Artemov+5−42 files
No security note in commit
Low 27 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #546 from LedgerHQ/simplify_ast

This commit is a large internal refactoring of the Ledger Bitcoin app's wallet-policy parser. It replaces compact 'relative pointers' with ordinary memory pointers in the abstract syntax tree (AST) used to represent Bitcoin wallet descript…

Large-scale memory-layout refactoring of security-critical parserRemoval of custom relative-pointer abstraction, eliminating a class of offset-calculation bugsIncrease in policy buffer size limits and key-info length limits
efee9c25by Salvatore Ingala+412−55812 files
No security note in commit
Low 37 AI analysisMessage 85 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Increase MAX_POLICY_KEY_INFO_LEN to the actual maximum; nits from PR review

This commit fixes a size limit in the Ledger Bitcoin app that was too small. The app uses this limit when registering Bitcoin wallet policies (descriptions of how to spend coins). The old limit underestimated how long a key description can…

Buffer/limit size correction for key origin infoRemoval of unused ledger_assert.h includeComment-only updates to serialized wallet policy length bounds
afd42b6dby Salvatore Ingala+5−61 file
No security note in commit
Low 32 AI analysisMessage 68 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #556 from LedgerHQ/mem_opt

This commit removes an old memory workaround in Ledger's Bitcoin app. Previously, a large data structure used during transaction signing was stored in global memory instead of on the function's stack, because some Ledger devices were thoug…

Memory allocation model changed for high-risk signing pathStack-size build-time guard changed for Nano XGlobal cache removed; signing state now lives on stack
3aa53954by Salvatore Ingala+9−275 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #558 from LedgerHQ/embit_private

This commit simply renames an internal Python package from `embit` to `_embit` (a common convention indicating it is private/implementation detail) and updates all import statements accordingly. There is no functional code change and no se…

d438dd03by Salvatore Ingala+7−731 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 61 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #559 from LedgerHQ/parse_unhardened

This update fixes a boundary bug in how the Ledger Bitcoin app parses wallet policies that use multi-path key expressions like /<M;N>/*. The app was supposed to reject hardened (high-security) derivation indexes, but it incorrectly allowed…

Boundary condition error: hardened derivation index 0x80000000 accepted as unhardenedWallet policy parser validation bypass in multi-path key expressionsRegression unit test added for hardened boundary rejection
96e999feby Salvatore Ingala+49−298 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Label unsigned constants in constants.h

This commit only adds 'U' suffixes to numeric constants in a header file and makes a few matching type adjustments in C source files so the code still compiles cleanly with strict compiler warnings. It is a code-quality cleanup, not a secu…

e1fcefb4by Salvatore Ingala+27−276 files
No security note in commit
Low 25 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Pin @bitcoinerlab/descriptors to v3.1.7

This commit changes a JavaScript package dependency from allowing any compatible 3.x version of @bitcoinerlab/descriptors to a fixed, exact version (3.1.7). Pinning a dependency is often done to prevent unexpected future changes, but the c…

Dependency version pinningNo explicit security claim in commit messageNo code-level security fix visible in diff
6262d104by Salvatore Ingala+101−122 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 60 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Reject 0x80000000 as an unhardened step in wallet policy parsing

This commit fixes a boundary-check bug in how the Ledger Bitcoin app parses wallet policies (BIP-388). The app was supposed to reject any hardened derivation step in a specific range expression, but it allowed the value 2147483648 (0x80000…

Off-by-one boundary check in BIP-388 wallet policy parsingForbidden hardened derivation index accepted as unhardenedPotential failure or incorrect behavior in address derivation and signing
44f98a0eby Salvatore Ingala+2−21 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 47 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Add regression test for unhardened derivation step parsing

This commit only adds a new regression test to the Bitcoin app's test suite. The test checks that wallet policy key expressions reject a specific boundary value (2147483648, the first 'hardened' child index) where only 'unhardened' values …

Regression test for hardened/unhardened derivation index boundary parsingCommit message states older version accepted 0x80000000 as unhardenedNo production code change in this commit
ce2c25c6by Salvatore Ingala+20−01 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Mark vendored embit clone 'private' in python client

This commit simply renames a vendored (internally bundled) copy of the 'embit' library inside the Python client from `embit` to `_embit`. The leading underscore is a Python convention meaning 'private/internal use only.' No code behavior c…

141e88f2by Salvatore Ingala+7−731 files
No security note in commit
Low 33 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Delete the hash context before return in compute_rand_i_j

This commit adds a memory wipe of a cryptographic hash context after it is used to derive a secret random value in the Ledger Bitcoin app's MuSig multi-signature code. The change is described by the developer as a 'defense-in-depth' measur…

explicit_bzero added to clear sensitive cryptographic contextMuSig signing randomness treated as sensitive after partial signatures are knownDefense-in-depth memory hygiene patch
121a18ceby Salvatore Ingala+3−01 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Moderate 67 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Harden count_distinct_keys_info to correctly count the used keys

This commit fixes a bug in Ledger's Bitcoin app that could let a wallet policy slip through registration even when it contained unused or out-of-range public keys. The old code simply looked at the highest key index referenced in the walle…

Logic flaw in wallet policy validationPotential bypass of internal-key ownership check via unused key slotsBounds checking added for key indices
d94c51a2by Salvatore Ingala+52−124 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 44 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Reject registering wallet policies with pubkeys not on the curve

This commit adds an early safety check in the Ledger Bitcoin app. Before registering a new wallet policy, the app now verifies that each public key is a valid point on the Bitcoin elliptic curve. Previously, an invalid public key would onl…

Input validation added for cryptographic public key pointsInvalid curve points now rejected at wallet registration time rather than deferred to address derivationUse of standard status word SW_INCORRECT_DATA for malformed input
d0c47c7aby Salvatore Ingala+9−01 file
No security note in commit
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Lower-priorityBump version of JS client library to 2.3.0by Salvatore Ingala · 47bac89e · Dec 12, 2025 · 4 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Bump version of JS client library to 2.3.0

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine packaging update for the JavaScript client library of Ledger's Bitcoin app. It bumps the version number, refreshes the package-lock.json dependency manifest, and makes two tiny configuration cleanups (removing an unused word from the spell-check dictionary and a redundant Prettier ESLint preset). There are no code changes that handle user data, cryptographic operations, or device communication, and nothing in the commit describes a security fix or vulnerability.

Lower-priorityRe-enabling test_get_extended_pubkey_non_standard for Speculos as now it is hardened thereby Ilya Artemov · 48189643 · Dec 11, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 17Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Re-enabling test_get_extended_pubkey_non_standard for Speculos as now it is hardened there

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
defensive validation
AI analysis · Informational 17/100

This commit only changes a test file. It re-enables a previously skipped automated test for the Speculos simulator because the simulator now correctly blocks an insecure key-derivation operation that the real Ledger hardware already blocked. It also adds a comment explaining another test case. There is no change to the actual app code that users run on their devices.

Lower-priorityAdding COIN=bitcoin_recovery with all the paths permittedby Ilya Artemov · 19704263 · Dec 11, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinLow 42Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Adding COIN=bitcoin_recovery with all the paths permitted

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Low 42/100

This commit adds a new build variant called 'bitcoin_recovery' to the Ledger Bitcoin app. Unlike the normal Bitcoin app, this variant allows all BIP32 derivation paths and is intended for recovery scenarios. The commit itself does not change runtime code; it only adds a Makefile option to compile a special recovery version of the app. Because it permits all paths, if this variant were loaded onto a device and used normally, it could weaken the usual path-restriction protections, but the commit explicitly frames it as a recovery tool and blocks the dangerous AUTOAPPROVE_FOR_PERF_TESTS flag for this variant.

AI review queuedFix JS-testsby Ilya Artemov · af826a1f · Dec 8, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 38 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Fix JS-tests

38/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: opaque commit messagesecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit updates a single test automation JSON file used in JavaScript tests. It changes a regular expression that matches on-screen text during automated device testing, replacing the keyword 'Key' with 'Our' and 'Their'. This is a test-only adjustment with no effect on the actual Ledger Bitcoin app firmware or its security.

AI review queued[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · e1b82eb1 · Dec 8, 2025 · 276 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: unusually broad changesecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates screenshot files used for automated testing of the Ledger Bitcoin app. No application code, firmware, or user-facing behavior was changed. It is not a security fix and does not introduce a vulnerability.

Lower-priorityRearranging the key information so it fits without ...by Ilya Artemov · 2aeafd38 · Dec 8, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Rearranging the key information so it fits without ...

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes the on-screen text shown when registering a Bitcoin wallet policy on a Ledger device. It rewords labels like 'ours' to 'Our' and shortens the format so the text fits on the device's small screen. There is no security-relevant change.

Lower-priorityConverting build warnings to errorsby Ilya Artemov · 871ec9d3 · Dec 4, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Converting build warnings to errors

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit adds a compiler flag (-Werror) that turns all build warnings into errors. It is a build-hardening change, not a fix for a specific security bug. There is no evidence in the commit of any vulnerability, exploit, or affected code path.

Lower-priorityUsing generic and simpler format_sats_amount() for swap as wellby Ilya Artemov · b200772e · Dec 4, 2025 · 3 filesMessage 50 · ThinLow 26Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Using generic and simpler format_sats_amount() for swap as well

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Low 26/100

This commit replaces a custom Bitcoin amount-formatting routine used during Ledger's cryptocurrency swap feature with a shared, simpler utility. The old code converted an 8-byte big-endian amount into a human-readable decimal string with a coin ticker. The new code uses the project's generic `format_sats_amount()` function. The change removes about 120 lines of low-level bit-manipulation code. On its own, the commit does not claim to fix a security bug, and the diff does not show an obvious vulnerability. However, any change to amount display logic in a swap context is security-sensitive because a bug could mislead a user about how much value is being exchanged.

Security candidateAdditional check to avoid vout_scriptpubkey overflowby Ilya Artemov · aeeeaf09 · Dec 4, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 67 · AdequateHigh 71Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Additional check to avoid vout_scriptpubkey overflow

67/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Explains rationale or failure mode✓ Names security-relevant behavior explicitly! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
memory safetysigning or wallet path
AI analysis · High 71/100

This commit adds a safety check in the Ledger Bitcoin app's code that parses previous transaction outputs. Before copying a scriptPubKey (the part of a Bitcoin output that locks funds) into a fixed-size buffer, the code now verifies the copy won't exceed the buffer's maximum length when combined with how much has already been written. Without this check, a malformed or oversized scriptPubKey could overflow the buffer, potentially corrupting memory and affecting the device's behavior. The commit also fixes two nearby variables from 'bool' to 'int' so parser error codes are preserved instead of being collapsed to true/false.

Lower-priorityUpdate CHANGELOG.mdby iartemov-ledger · 5506c97d · Nov 25, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 43 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · iartemov-ledger

Update CHANGELOG.md

Co-authored-by: Salvatore Ingala <6681844+bigspider@users.noreply.github.com>

43/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change✓ Provides an explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only edits the project's CHANGELOG.md file, removing an empty '### Added' heading and merging its bullet points into the preceding release section. There are no code changes, no functional changes, and no security fixes or features introduced.

Lower-priority[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · f9b860c2 · Nov 25, 2025 · 3 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates three test snapshot images used by an automated testing tool called Ragger. These snapshots are reference screenshots of device screens during tests. There are no code changes, no application logic changes, and nothing that affects the security of the Bitcoin app running on Ledger devices.

Lower-priorityVersion bump to v2.4.3 + changelog updateby Ilya Artemov · d42ca717 · Nov 25, 2025 · 2 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Version bump to v2.4.3 + changelog update

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only bumps the app version number from 2.4.2 to 2.4.3 and updates the changelog. No code changes to security logic are present in the diff. The changelog mentions prior security-related UI and derivation-path hardening work, but those changes were made in earlier commits, not here.

AI review queued[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · d9756e65 · Nov 25, 2025 · 50 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: unusually broad change
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates test screenshot images used by the Ragger testing framework. No application code, firmware logic, or user-facing behavior was changed. It is not a security patch and does not fix or introduce any vulnerability.

AI review queuedFixing unit testsby Ilya Artemov · 79f44e7a · Nov 25, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 38 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Fixing unit tests

38/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit adds a single type definition (`cx_err_t`) to a unit-test mock header so the test code compiles. It does not change any actual application code, cryptographic operations, or device behavior. There is no security relevance.

AI review queuedUpdating few tests that did not respect the derivation path hardeningby Ilya Artemov · 550aa545 · Nov 25, 2025 · 2 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 12Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Updating few tests that did not respect the derivation path hardening

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
defensive validationsigning or wallet pathsecond-pass: near security thresholdsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit only changes automated test files. It updates test cases so they use correct hardened Bitcoin derivation paths and expect the app to reject non-standard or root-level key derivation requests. There is no change to the actual app code that runs on Ledger devices, so this commit does not introduce or fix a security vulnerability by itself. It appears to be a follow-up to a real security hardening in the app firmware that happened elsewhere.

Security candidateSpecial handling for get_extended_pubkey_at_path() distinguishing error codesby Ilya Artemov · cf630a59 · Nov 25, 2025 · 7 filesMessage 50 · ThinLow 38Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Special handling for get_extended_pubkey_at_path() distinguishing error codes

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Low 38/100

This commit changes how the Ledger Bitcoin app reports failures when deriving public keys from a BIP32 path. Previously, almost any derivation failure was reported as a generic 'bad state' error. Now, the app distinguishes between different underlying error codes, specifically mapping two SDK error codes (0x4212 and 0x4215) to a 'not supported' status word instead of 'bad state'. This is a defensive hardening change: it gives callers more accurate error information and avoids misleading 'bad state' responses for permission or policy-related derivation failures. There is no direct evidence in the commit of an exploitable vulnerability being fixed.

Security candidateRemoving DERIVE_MASTER flag, enforcing the derivation pathsby Ilya Artemov · a4888e4f · Nov 21, 2025 · 2 filesMessage 50 · ThinModerate 61Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Removing DERIVE_MASTER flag, enforcing the derivation paths

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Moderate 61/100

This commit removes a special 'derive master key' permission from the Ledger Bitcoin app and replaces direct master-key derivation with a safer OS-provided fingerprint. It also enforces BIP-44 coin-type restrictions (mainnet 0' or testnet 1') at app-load time, closing a path where the app could previously be asked to derive keys outside those intended coin types. The change is defensive: it reduces the app's privileges and makes path enforcement stricter.

Lower-priorityhandler_get_master_fingerprint through new os_perso_get_master_key_identifier syscallby Ilya Artemov · 11dcea02 · Nov 21, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinLow 35Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

handler_get_master_fingerprint through new os_perso_get_master_key_identifier syscall

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Low 35/100

This commit changes how the Bitcoin app on Ledger hardware wallets obtains the wallet's master fingerprint. Previously, the app derived the master public key and computed the fingerprint itself. Now it calls a dedicated operating-system API, os_perso_get_master_key_identifier, which returns the fingerprint directly. This is a refactoring that reduces the app's own cryptographic surface and likely improves consistency with other apps, but the commit message and diff alone do not indicate a security bug was fixed.

AI review queued[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · c74ab33d · Nov 20, 2025 · 582 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: unusually broad changesecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates test screenshot snapshots (PNG images) used by the Ragger automated testing framework. No application source code, firmware, or cryptographic logic was changed. It is not a security patch and does not affect users' devices or funds.

Security candidateFixing uninitialized variableby Ilya Artemov · 27a9c9da · Nov 20, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 35 · OpaqueLow 42Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Fixing uninitialized variable

35/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject! No meaningful explanatory body! Opaque security-relevant change
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Low 42/100

This commit fixes a coding bug in the Ledger Bitcoin app where a variable that tracks whether cryptographic operations succeeded was not initialized before use. Because the function is marked as unsafe for secret data (it is vulnerable to timing attacks) and is now also made private to the file, the patch both removes a potential source of incorrect error handling and limits how widely the unsafe helper can be called. The actual security impact is moderate: on its own this is a defensive fix rather than a demonstrated exploit, but uninitialized error variables can in principle lead to wrong decisions downstream if an error path is taken before the variable is set.

Security candidateFixing expected output array length for os_derive_bip32_with_seed_no_throw() SDK functionby Ilya Artemov · e289daf9 · Nov 20, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinModerate 58Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Fixing expected output array length for os_derive_bip32_with_seed_no_throw() SDK function

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
secret or key materialcryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Moderate 58/100

This commit fixes a buffer-size mismatch in the Ledger Bitcoin app. A function that derives secret keys was being asked to write 64 bytes of output into a caller-supplied 32-byte buffer. The patch now provides a 64-byte temporary buffer and copies only the needed 32 bytes afterward, then securely wipes the temporary buffer. The original bug could have caused memory corruption or leaked key material, depending on how the SDK behaves when given an undersized buffer.

AI review queued[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · 9cc63e3d · Nov 17, 2025 · 33 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: unusually broad changesecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates test screenshot images used by an automated testing tool called Ragger. No actual application code, firmware, or security logic was changed. It is not a security fix and does not affect users' devices or funds.

Security candidateAllowing for message signature the line feed (LF) character handled by NBGL (documentation update)by Ilya Artemov · 5daee06f · Nov 17, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 55 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Allowing for message signature the line feed (LF) character handled by NBGL (documentation update)

55/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Names security-relevant behavior explicitly! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing boundarydocumentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates documentation. It fixes a typo in an error-code table and clarifies that the Ledger device can display the full text of a Bitcoin message being signed if it is short enough and contains only printable ASCII characters plus line feeds; otherwise it shows a hash. There is no code change and no security fix.

Lower-priorityAdd build-essential and git to speculos-bitcoin imageby Salvatore Ingala · 32788c7e · Nov 17, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add build-essential and git to speculos-bitcoin image

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes a CI/testing Docker image used for Ledger's automated test environment. It adds common development tools (build-essential, curl, git) and slightly reorganizes apt commands. There is no indication this affects the actual Bitcoin app that runs on Ledger devices or end-user security.

Lower-priorityUse 'getbalances' rpc to get balanceby Salvatore Ingala · 97c08c13 · Nov 17, 2025 · 4 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Use 'getbalances' rpc to get balance

The 'balance' field from 'getwalletinfo' has been removed.

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates automated test scripts to use a different Bitcoin Core RPC command for checking wallet balances. It does not change the Ledger app code that users interact with, and it has no security relevance.