LD
← All projectsLedger

Ledger Bitcoin app

Open-source Bitcoin application running on Ledger devices; the device OS is outside this repository.

BitcoinHardware walletsNormal
Repository coverage

374 commits in the local evidence base

Every captured commit receives deterministic security triage and a separate communication-quality score. Security candidates and broader second-pass signals receive full-patch Ollama analysis.

101security candidates144second-pass queue345AI analyses
40commits · 30 days
95commits · 60 days
233commits · 180 days
370commits · 365 days
Backfill bands
Aug 5 → Feb 670 seen8 candidatesComplete
Feb 6 → Jun 6149 seen21 candidatesComplete
Jun 6 → Jul 623 seen0 candidatesComplete
Jul 6 → Aug 555 seen5 candidatesComplete
Commit communication

Does the history explain itself?

Message quality measures whether a commit identifies its scope, purpose, rationale, testing, and supporting references. It does not change the security-severity score.

54/100 average clarity
22Strong · 80–100
117Adequate · 60–79
177Thin · 40–59
58Opaque · 0–39
6security candidates with opaque commit messaging
Read the scoring rubric →
Developer activity

Who is changing the project?

Public Git author strings; identities are not independently verified.

DeveloperCommitsCandidatesAnalyzedHigh riskMessage avg.
Salvatore Ingala23271205658
Ilya Artemov962696145
Aymeric Robert434063
github-actions[bot]17117046
Mathias BROUSSET16015038
José Luis Landabaso Díaz404067
iartemov-ledger201051
Cerberus Merlin101062
Michael Evans101073
Charles-Edouard de la Vergne101045
Analysis record

Published AI watches

Last scanned 41 minutes ago

Low 37 AI analysisMessage 58 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #569 from LedgerHQ/client-fixes

This commit fixes how Ledger's Bitcoin client libraries convert older PSBTv0 transaction data into the newer PSBTv2 format that Ledger hardware wallets expect. The changes correct several field-handling bugs: the transaction locktime is no…

PSBTv0-to-v2 conversion bug fixesMissing input sequence defaulted to 0xffffffff (final sequence)Locktime assigned to transaction object instead of PSBT object
034b9d04by Salvatore Ingala+368−85911 files
No security note in commit
Informational 24 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

python client: use default value for nSequence if not given

This commit fixes a small bug in the Python helper library that builds unsigned Bitcoin transactions from PSBT data. Previously, if a PSBT did not explicitly include a per-input sequence number, the code would crash with an assertion error…

Behavioral change in transaction serialization helperRemoves an assertion that could cause crashes on valid PSBTs missing optional sequence fieldsAligns implementation with BIP-370 and HWI upstream behavior
2bf0eed6by Salvatore Ingala+3−21 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Bump ledger_bitcoin_client version to 0.7.0

This commit only updates a version number from 0.6.2 to 0.7.0 in two Rust package files. It is a routine bookkeeping change because the public interface of the PSBT module changed, requiring a minor version bump under semantic versioning r…

cfb530b9by Salvatore Ingala+2−22 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 83 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

js tests: drop a bogus required height locktime of 0 from test PSBTs

This commit only changes hardcoded test data used in JavaScript unit tests. It removes an invalid zero-value locktime field from two PSBT (Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction) test fixtures so they conform to the BIP-370 standard. No prod…

ec992074by Salvatore Ingala+6−32 files
No security note in commit
Low 48 AI analysisMessage 95 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

python client: fix three PSBTv2 defects in psbt.py

This commit fixes three bugs in a Python helper that converts modern PSBTv2 transaction data into the older PSBTv0 format used by Ledger hardware wallets. The bugs could silently corrupt the transaction's lock time and version fields durin…

Silent data corruption in transaction serialization (nLockTime, tx_version, fallback_locktime)PSBTv2 to PSBTv0 conversion path affectedPotential for producing an unsigned transaction that does not match the PSBT's declared fields
04ba9e7bby Salvatore Ingala+6−31 file
No security note in commit
Low 35 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

rust client: build PSBTv2 maps from all pairs, not an enumerated list

This commit refactors how the Ledger Bitcoin app's Rust client converts a PSBT (Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction) from version 0 to version 2. Previously, the code manually listed every PSBT field it knew how to serialize, which risked…

Refactor of PSBT serialization path used before signing on hardware walletRemoval of hand-maintained field enumeration that could omit or mis-serialize PSBT fieldsAddition of explicit error handling for PSBTs containing pre-existing v2 keys that conflict with v0 transaction data
a16bb101by Salvatore Ingala+344−8484 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 38 · Opaque
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Version bump to v2.5.1

This commit is a routine version bump from 2.5.0 to 2.5.1 for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It only updates the changelog and Makefile version number. No code changes are present in the diff, and no security fixes or vulnerabilities are describe…

e7618c98by Ilya Artemov+5−42 files
No security note in commit
Low 27 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #546 from LedgerHQ/simplify_ast

This commit is a large internal refactoring of the Ledger Bitcoin app's wallet-policy parser. It replaces compact 'relative pointers' with ordinary memory pointers in the abstract syntax tree (AST) used to represent Bitcoin wallet descript…

Large-scale memory-layout refactoring of security-critical parserRemoval of custom relative-pointer abstraction, eliminating a class of offset-calculation bugsIncrease in policy buffer size limits and key-info length limits
efee9c25by Salvatore Ingala+412−55812 files
No security note in commit
Low 37 AI analysisMessage 85 · Strong
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Increase MAX_POLICY_KEY_INFO_LEN to the actual maximum; nits from PR review

This commit fixes a size limit in the Ledger Bitcoin app that was too small. The app uses this limit when registering Bitcoin wallet policies (descriptions of how to spend coins). The old limit underestimated how long a key description can…

Buffer/limit size correction for key origin infoRemoval of unused ledger_assert.h includeComment-only updates to serialized wallet policy length bounds
afd42b6dby Salvatore Ingala+5−61 file
No security note in commit
Low 32 AI analysisMessage 68 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #556 from LedgerHQ/mem_opt

This commit removes an old memory workaround in Ledger's Bitcoin app. Previously, a large data structure used during transaction signing was stored in global memory instead of on the function's stack, because some Ledger devices were thoug…

Memory allocation model changed for high-risk signing pathStack-size build-time guard changed for Nano XGlobal cache removed; signing state now lives on stack
3aa53954by Salvatore Ingala+9−275 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #558 from LedgerHQ/embit_private

This commit simply renames an internal Python package from `embit` to `_embit` (a common convention indicating it is private/implementation detail) and updates all import statements accordingly. There is no functional code change and no se…

d438dd03by Salvatore Ingala+7−731 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 61 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #559 from LedgerHQ/parse_unhardened

This update fixes a boundary bug in how the Ledger Bitcoin app parses wallet policies that use multi-path key expressions like /<M;N>/*. The app was supposed to reject hardened (high-security) derivation indexes, but it incorrectly allowed…

Boundary condition error: hardened derivation index 0x80000000 accepted as unhardenedWallet policy parser validation bypass in multi-path key expressionsRegression unit test added for hardened boundary rejection
96e999feby Salvatore Ingala+49−298 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Label unsigned constants in constants.h

This commit only adds 'U' suffixes to numeric constants in a header file and makes a few matching type adjustments in C source files so the code still compiles cleanly with strict compiler warnings. It is a code-quality cleanup, not a secu…

e1fcefb4by Salvatore Ingala+27−276 files
No security note in commit
Low 25 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Pin @bitcoinerlab/descriptors to v3.1.7

This commit changes a JavaScript package dependency from allowing any compatible 3.x version of @bitcoinerlab/descriptors to a fixed, exact version (3.1.7). Pinning a dependency is often done to prevent unexpected future changes, but the c…

Dependency version pinningNo explicit security claim in commit messageNo code-level security fix visible in diff
6262d104by Salvatore Ingala+101−122 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 60 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Reject 0x80000000 as an unhardened step in wallet policy parsing

This commit fixes a boundary-check bug in how the Ledger Bitcoin app parses wallet policies (BIP-388). The app was supposed to reject any hardened derivation step in a specific range expression, but it allowed the value 2147483648 (0x80000…

Off-by-one boundary check in BIP-388 wallet policy parsingForbidden hardened derivation index accepted as unhardenedPotential failure or incorrect behavior in address derivation and signing
44f98a0eby Salvatore Ingala+2−21 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 47 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Add regression test for unhardened derivation step parsing

This commit only adds a new regression test to the Bitcoin app's test suite. The test checks that wallet policy key expressions reject a specific boundary value (2147483648, the first 'hardened' child index) where only 'unhardened' values …

Regression test for hardened/unhardened derivation index boundary parsingCommit message states older version accepted 0x80000000 as unhardenedNo production code change in this commit
ce2c25c6by Salvatore Ingala+20−01 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Mark vendored embit clone 'private' in python client

This commit simply renames a vendored (internally bundled) copy of the 'embit' library inside the Python client from `embit` to `_embit`. The leading underscore is a Python convention meaning 'private/internal use only.' No code behavior c…

141e88f2by Salvatore Ingala+7−731 files
No security note in commit
Low 33 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Delete the hash context before return in compute_rand_i_j

This commit adds a memory wipe of a cryptographic hash context after it is used to derive a secret random value in the Ledger Bitcoin app's MuSig multi-signature code. The change is described by the developer as a 'defense-in-depth' measur…

explicit_bzero added to clear sensitive cryptographic contextMuSig signing randomness treated as sensitive after partial signatures are knownDefense-in-depth memory hygiene patch
121a18ceby Salvatore Ingala+3−01 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Moderate 67 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Harden count_distinct_keys_info to correctly count the used keys

This commit fixes a bug in Ledger's Bitcoin app that could let a wallet policy slip through registration even when it contained unused or out-of-range public keys. The old code simply looked at the highest key index referenced in the walle…

Logic flaw in wallet policy validationPotential bypass of internal-key ownership check via unused key slotsBounds checking added for key indices
d94c51a2by Salvatore Ingala+52−124 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 44 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Reject registering wallet policies with pubkeys not on the curve

This commit adds an early safety check in the Ledger Bitcoin app. Before registering a new wallet policy, the app now verifies that each public key is a valid point on the Bitcoin elliptic curve. Previously, an invalid public key would onl…

Input validation added for cryptographic public key pointsInvalid curve points now rejected at wallet registration time rather than deferred to address derivationUse of standard status word SW_INCORRECT_DATA for malformed input
d0c47c7aby Salvatore Ingala+9−01 file
No security note in commit
Repository ledger

Explore captured commits

Expand any commit for its author, full message, clarity score, changed files, triage signals, analysis, and source link.

AI review queuedApply clang-21 fixesby Salvatore Ingala · 87fa76f3 · Jun 8, 2026 · 17 filesMessage 28 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Apply clang-21 fixes

28/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: opaque commit messagesecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is purely a code-style and formatting update to make the project compile cleanly with the newer clang-21 compiler. It adds or removes spaces inside braces (for example, changing `{0, -1, 0}` to `{ 0, -1, 0 }`) and re-wraps a few long function signatures so they fit on multiple lines. No program logic, security checks, or behavior were changed.

AI review queuedFix and simplify HAVE_SEMIHOSTED_PRINTFby Salvatore Ingala · cdc959d1 · Jun 3, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 35 · OpaqueInformational 18Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Fix and simplify HAVE_SEMIHOSTED_PRINTF

35/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 18/100

This commit cleans up how a special debug-only printing mode is enabled in the Ledger Bitcoin app. It only affects builds where DEBUG=10 is set, which is intended for use in the Speculos emulator and not on real hardware. The change moves a macro redefinition from the Makefile into a header file and removes an unused HAVE_PRINTF flag. There is no direct security vulnerability visible in the diff, but it touches debug infrastructure that could historically be misused if left enabled in production firmware.

Lower-priorityAdd defensive check to silence clang static analyzerby Salvatore Ingala · 12455a3f · Jun 3, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 21Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add defensive check to silence clang static analyzer

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 21/100

This commit adds two safety checks in the Bitcoin app's policy-handling code. The developer says these checks 'can never happen' in normal operation and were added mainly to satisfy a static-analysis tool (clang analyzer). In theory, if the impossible did happen, the code could have used an invalid array index; the patch now returns an error instead. There is no evidence this is exploitable in practice.

AI review queuedAdd missing includeby Salvatore Ingala · 725fd66a · Jun 3, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 28 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add missing include

28/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This is a one-line change adding a missing standard C header file (#include <string.h>) to a header file used for the MuSig multi-signature protocol. On its own, the change does not alter program behavior or fix a security flaw; it simply ensures the compiler has access to string-related standard definitions wherever this header is included. It may be a companion to a larger fix, but the diff itself contains no security-relevant logic.

Security candidateFix slight mismatch in definition of crypto_hash160by Salvatore Ingala · 54587441 · Jun 3, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Fix slight mismatch in definition of crypto_hash160

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only fixes a documentation/declaration inconsistency in a C header file. The function parameter name in the comment is changed from `in_len` to `inlen` to match the actual declaration, and the output pointer is annotated with a fixed-size array hint (`out[static 20]`) instead of a plain pointer. There is no change to executable code or behavior.

Security candidateRemove initial search for sentinelby Salvatore Ingala · 0ae87d9c · Jun 3, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 68 · AdequateInformational 11Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Remove initial search for sentinel

It is redundant, it's simpler to just exit when the sentinel is
found.
It was also making clang static analyzer detect a false positive
out of bounds read.

68/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
memory safety
AI analysis · Informational 11/100

This commit is a small code cleanup in the Ledger Bitcoin app. It removes an initial loop that counted commands and instead checks for the end marker directly while processing. The author says the old loop was unnecessary and caused a harmless false-positive warning in a static analysis tool. There is no indication this fixes a real security bug or changes app behavior in a user-visible way.

AI review queuedDelete stale _zero_outputs_mutator; reduced code duplicationby Salvatore Ingala · db4d4c7b · Jun 1, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Delete stale _zero_outputs_mutator; reduced code duplication

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine code cleanup. It removes an unused test helper that set Bitcoin output amounts to zero, and consolidates duplicate placeholder-parsing code into a shared utility module. There is no indication it fixes or introduces a security vulnerability.

Lower-priorityAdd bitcoin app playground with a CLI and TUIby Salvatore Ingala · 8497b52f · Jun 1, 2026 · 6 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add bitcoin app playground with a CLI and TUI

Built with Claude

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit adds a new developer-only testing tool called a 'playground' for the Ledger Bitcoin app. It includes a command-line interface (CLI) and a text-based user interface (TUI) that let developers send test commands to either a software emulator (speculos) or a real Ledger device. The code is entirely in a new dev-tools/ directory, does not change the app itself, and is not part of any production build or shipped firmware. There is nothing in the commit that fixes, introduces, or discusses a security vulnerability.

Security candidateAdd support for generating PSBTs for MuSig2 in txmakerby Salvatore Ingala · 13d84aca · Jun 1, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 65 · AdequateInformational 19Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add support for generating PSBTs for MuSig2 in txmaker

Also, address the remaining some old TODOs.

65/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing boundarysigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Informational 19/100

This commit adds test-only helper code for creating Bitcoin transaction fixtures that support newer wallet types (MuSig2 multi-signature and several legacy/wrapped SegWit descriptor forms). It is not a change to the Ledger app firmware itself, but to Python utilities used in automated tests. There is no obvious security bug introduced, and the commit does not claim to fix a vulnerability.

Security candidateDelete mock_include, rely on the speculos_bridge for all testsby Salvatore Ingala · 6f7b4472 · May 29, 2026 · 28 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Delete mock_include, rely on the speculos_bridge for all tests

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a test-only refactoring: it removes a set of local mock SDK headers and a software SHA-256 implementation used by unit tests, and instead makes those tests run against the real Ledger SDK headers through the existing Speculos emulator bridge. No production application code is changed, and there is no indication this fixes or introduces a security vulnerability.

Security candidateVarious improvements, refactorings and simplifications from PR reviewby Salvatore Ingala · 1e4853f1 · May 29, 2026 · 4 filesMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Various improvements, refactorings and simplifications from PR review

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is purely a build-system and test-harness cleanup. It refactors CMakeLists.txt, updates comments, simplifies the speculos test bridge, and removes a workaround in a test file. Nothing here changes the actual Ledger Bitcoin app that runs on the device, so it cannot directly affect user funds or device security.

Lower-priorityAdd C toml parser for unit-testsby Salvatore Ingala · 4f74fdf3 · May 29, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 55 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add C toml parser for unit-tests

55/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit adds a new third-party C library (tomlc17) for parsing TOML configuration files, but only inside the project's unit-test directory. It is not a change to the actual Ledger Bitcoin app that runs on the hardware wallet. There is no indication this is a security fix or introduces a vulnerability in the shipped product.

Security candidateGet rid of SKIP_FOR_CMOCKA; compile tests with the speculos bridgeby Salvatore Ingala · c098c659 · May 29, 2026 · 10 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Get rid of SKIP_FOR_CMOCKA; compile tests with the speculos bridge

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is purely a testing infrastructure cleanup. It removes a workaround called SKIP_FOR_CMOCKA that previously hid parts of the code from unit tests, and instead compiles those parts using a more realistic emulator bridge (speculos). No user-facing behavior of the Bitcoin app changes, and no security bug is fixed or introduced in the diff.

Security candidateUnit tests for the crypto_tr_* taproot helpersby Salvatore Ingala · cc9ea60d · May 29, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 55 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Unit tests for the crypto_tr_* taproot helpers

55/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds unit tests and test infrastructure for Bitcoin Taproot cryptographic helpers. It does not change the actual app code that runs on the hardware wallet, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability in shipped firmware. The changes make the test mock more complete by wiring it to the Speculos emulator's real cryptographic functions instead of crashing with a stub.

Security candidateAdd unit tests for crypto_ecdsa_sign_sha256_hash_with_keyby Salvatore Ingala · 96a9203d · May 29, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add unit tests for crypto_ecdsa_sign_sha256_hash_with_key

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit only adds unit tests and a test-only bridge implementation for cryptographic signing functions. It does not change the actual device application code that users rely on, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability in the shipped product. The changes make the test suite more complete by exercising an existing signing function with a known, precomputed signature.

Security candidateLink unit tests with speculos implementations of crypto syscallsby Salvatore Ingala · 53a997c6 · May 29, 2026 · 6 filesMessage 75 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Link unit tests with speculos implementations of crypto syscalls

This allows writing unit tests for code that calls syscalls.
In this commit, tests for bip32_CKDpub are added.

75/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
secret or key materialcryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is purely about improving the project's automated test setup. It links unit tests to a software simulator (Speculos) so cryptographic code can be tested on a regular computer without a physical Ledger device. It adds tests for a Bitcoin key-derivation function and re-enables an existing test file. There is no change to the actual app code that runs on the device, and nothing in the commit suggests a security vulnerability or fix.

Security candidateAdd unit tests for crypto_get_compressed_pubkey_at_pathby Salvatore Ingala · 86fa0b30 · May 29, 2026 · 4 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add unit tests for crypto_get_compressed_pubkey_at_path

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds unit tests and test-support code. It does not change the actual Bitcoin app that runs on Ledger devices, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability in shipped firmware. The changes make the test harness able to simulate BIP32 key derivation using the Speculos emulator's own implementation, with a fixed public test seed.

Security candidateAdd unit tests for crypto_ripemd160, crypto_hash160, crypto_get_checksumby Salvatore Ingala · af900978 · May 29, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add unit tests for crypto_ripemd160, crypto_hash160, crypto_get_checksum

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds new unit tests and renames some existing test functions. It does not change any production code behavior, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability or fix one on its own.

Security candidateAdd minimal utility functions to work with serialized xpub in unit testsby Salvatore Ingala · 31a302d2 · May 29, 2026 · 4 filesMessage 75 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add minimal utility functions to work with serialized xpub in unit tests

It is much cleaner than encoding in hex.

75/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds helper functions for unit tests to convert Bitcoin extended public keys (xpubs) between base58 string form and raw binary form. It does not change the actual Ledger app code that runs on the device, nor does it fix or introduce any security-relevant behavior. It is a test-code cleanup that replaces hard-coded hex byte arrays with readable xpub strings.

Security candidateAdd unit tests for crypto_{get_key_fingerprint,master_key_fingerprint,derive_symmetric_key_slip21} and get_extended_pubkey_at_pathby Salvatore Ingala · 65279632 · May 29, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add unit tests for crypto_{get_key_fingerprint,master_key_fingerprint,derive_symmetric_key_slip21} and get_extended_pubkey_at_path

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds new automated unit tests for existing cryptographic functions in the Ledger Bitcoin app. It does not change any production code, fix bugs, or alter behavior. There is no security issue here.

Lower-priorityUse API_LEVEL 26, and use Nano S+ headers instead of Nano Xby Salvatore Ingala · b1d28964 · May 29, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Use API_LEVEL 26, and use Nano S+ headers instead of Nano X

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes the build configuration for unit tests. It updates the simulated Ledger device target from Nano X to Nano S+ and bumps the API level from 22 to 26. There is no change to the actual app code that runs on hardware wallets, so this does not affect user security.

AI review queuedAdd address generation unit-testsby Salvatore Ingala · e1415280 · May 29, 2026 · 4 filesMessage 55 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add address generation unit-tests

55/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
signing or wallet pathsecond-pass: security-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds new unit tests and test-support code for Bitcoin address generation. It does not change the app that runs on the Ledger device, nor does it fix or introduce any security-relevant behavior. It is a testing/infrastructure change with no direct security impact.

Security candidateMove some duplicated mocking code to headersby Salvatore Ingala · 3ac25325 · May 19, 2026 · 15 filesMessage 70 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Move some duplicated mocking code to headers

These lines where was also confusing gcov coverage measurements;
this should address it.

70/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine cleanup of the project's unit-test code. It removes duplicate mock implementations of a small helper function called `pic()` from 14 test files and places a single shared version in a mock header. The change only affects test code, not the actual Ledger Bitcoin app that runs on devices. The commit message says the cleanup was done to fix confusing code-coverage measurements. There is no indication this fixes a security vulnerability or changes how the app behaves.

Lower-priorityAdd tests for get_merkleized_map and get_merkleized_map_valueby Salvatore Ingala · 2f65cceb · May 19, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Add tests for get_merkleized_map and get_merkleized_map_value

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds new automated unit tests for two existing functions in Ledger's Bitcoin app. It does not change the actual app code that runs on devices, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability or fix one by itself. The tests check that the functions correctly fetch and decode data from tamper-evident Merkle trees and reject malformed or corrupted inputs.

Security candidateAdditional unit testsby Salvatore Ingala · e130db4d · May 19, 2026 · 6 filesMessage 73 · AdequateInformational 12Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Additional unit tests

This reaches 100% coverage, except a few lines that can't be
covered (either gcov artifacts, or non-reachable code because of
defense-in-depth checks).

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Explains rationale or failure mode✓ Mentions testing or verification
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit only adds new unit tests to the Ledger Bitcoin app. It does not change any production code, so it cannot introduce a security vulnerability or fix one directly. The tests exercise edge cases and adversarial inputs for functions that handle Merkle-tree preimages and BIP32 derivation extraction, which helps confirm existing defensive checks reject malformed data.