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Ledger Bitcoin app

Open-source Bitcoin application running on Ledger devices; the device OS is outside this repository.

BitcoinHardware walletsNormal
Repository coverage

301 commits in the local evidence base

Every captured commit receives deterministic security triage and a separate communication-quality score. Security candidates and broader second-pass signals receive full-patch Ollama analysis.

75security candidates126second-pass queue301AI analyses
51commits · 30 days
82commits · 60 days
231commits · 180 days
301commits · 365 days
Backfill bands
Aug 5 → Feb 670 seen8 candidatesComplete
Feb 6 → Jun 6149 seen21 candidatesComplete
Jun 6 → Jul 623 seen0 candidatesComplete
Jul 6 → Aug 555 seen5 candidatesComplete
Commit communication

Does the history explain itself?

Message quality measures whether a commit identifies its scope, purpose, rationale, testing, and supporting references. It does not change the security-severity score.

51/100 average clarity
13Strong · 80–100
76Adequate · 60–79
157Thin · 40–59
55Opaque · 0–39
6security candidates with opaque commit messaging
Read the scoring rubric →
Developer activity

Who is changing the project?

Public Git author strings; identities are not independently verified.

DeveloperCommitsCandidatesAnalyzedHigh riskMessage avg.
Salvatore Ingala16748167455
Ilya Artemov952695145
github-actions[bot]17117046
Mathias BROUSSET14014040
José Luis Landabaso Díaz404067
Cerberus Merlin101062
iartemov-ledger101043
Michael Evans101073
Charles-Edouard de la Vergne101045
Analysis record

Published AI watches

Last scanned 36 minutes ago

Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 68 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #542 from LedgerHQ/musig-fixes

This commit fixes missing error handling in the Ledger Bitcoin app's MuSig2 multi-signature code. Several cryptographic functions could fail silently or return incorrect results because their error codes were ignored. The patch now checks …

Missing error propagation in cryptographic point operationsUnchecked return value of crypto_tr_lift_x could lead to use of an unspecified pointUnchecked point_add return value in key aggregation, nonce aggregation, and tweaking
0fec192fby Salvatore Ingala+21−63 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 65 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Fix missing return value checks for point_add calls

This commit fixes three places in the Ledger Bitcoin app's MuSig2 code where the result of an elliptic-curve point-addition operation was not checked for failure. If point_add fails (for example, because it produced the special 'point at i…

Unchecked cryptographic operation return value (point_add)Potential use of invalid/infinite elliptic-curve point in MuSig2 aggregationMuSig2 nonce aggregation failure path now returns correct cosigner index
b1132395by Salvatore Ingala+14−52 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Propagate crypto_tr_lift_x errors in cpoint

This commit fixes a small but meaningful bug in the Ledger Bitcoin app's code that handles advanced multi-signature (MuSig) operations. A function called crypto_tr_lift_x can fail when given an invalid x-coordinate that does not correspond…

Unchecked return value from cryptographic point-lifting functionPotential use of invalid/uninitialized curve point in MuSig signing flowMissing error propagation in compressed public-key parsing
18647877by Salvatore Ingala+7−12 files
No security note in commit
High 72 AI analysisMessage 58 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Merge pull request #539 from LedgerHQ/fix-stack-exhaustion

This update fixes a stack-exhaustion weakness in Ledger's Bitcoin app. A malicious or unusually crafted wallet policy (the text string that describes how coins can be spent) could make the app recurse so deeply that it runs out of call sta…

Stack exhaustion / unbounded recursion in policy parsing and validationMissing depth accounting for miniscript wrapper chainsLarge automatic arrays inside recursive functions (compute_thresh_ops / compute_thresh_stacksize)
1621b7faby Salvatore Ingala+371−1427 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 41 AI analysisMessage 68 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Reduce the stack frame of key_orderings_count

This commit rewrites a function in the Ledger Bitcoin app to use less memory. The old code stored a large table of key-derivation pairs for every possible class of key expression, which grew quadratically with the maximum number of key exp…

Large stack allocation removed (quadratic memory reduced to linear)Integer types narrowed based on stated boundsNo explicit security claim in commit message or diff comments
2e39aa2aby Salvatore Ingala+29−361 file
No security note in commit
Low 27 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Move the wallet confirmation stage out of the handler's frame

This commit refactors the Ledger Bitcoin app's wallet registration code so that the user-confirmation step runs in a separate function that the compiler is told not to inline. The stated goal is to reduce peak stack memory use by freeing l…

Stack memory layout hardening via noinline separation of validation and UI phasesReduction of peak stack footprint for deeply recursive policy validationRefactor only: no change to validation rules, cryptographic checks, or UI logic
ff2a7c7aby Salvatore Ingala+107−861 file
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Limit the amount of nesting for `thresh` fragments to 4

This commit fixes a stack-overflow risk in Ledger's Bitcoin app when parsing wallet policies that deeply nest 'thresh' miniscript fragments. It limits nesting to four levels and prevents two helper functions from being inlined so their lar…

Stack-frame bloat from inlined functions with large local arraysRecursive policy-tree walker with unbounded nested thresh inputPotential stack exhaustion / overflow on crafted miniscript policy
d4e23574by Salvatore Ingala+68−73 files
No security note in commit
Low 36 AI analysisMessage 55 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Add functional tests for the policy depth limits

This commit adds automated tests to the Ledger Bitcoin app to check that very deep or heavily nested wallet policies are rejected safely. The tests confirm that an over-deep policy returns an error instead of freezing or crashing the devic…

Tests for policy recursion/depth limitsReference to app constants MAX_PARSE_SCRIPT_RECURSION_DEPTH and MAX_THRESH_NESTINGAssertion that over-deep policy does not crash the app
a81554f8by Salvatore Ingala+51−01 file
No security note in commit
Low 43 AI analysisMessage 70 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Lowers MAX_N_IN_THRESH to 24

This commit reduces a hard-coded limit in Ledger's Bitcoin app on how many branches a 'thresh' miniscript operator can have, from 128 down to 24. The change is framed as a memory-usage improvement, not a security fix. It also adds a test t…

Stack-memory pressure reduction in recursive miniscript analysisHard-coded threshold lowered to prevent large dynamic-programming tablesNew unit test checks rejection of oversized thresh fragments
97ad772aby Salvatore Ingala+38−33 files
No security note in commit
High 72 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Count miniscript wrappers in the parser's recursion depth limit

This commit fixes a bug in the Ledger Bitcoin app's wallet-policy parser. Miniscript 'wrappers' (short letters like 'n' that modify a policy) were not counted toward the parser's recursion-depth safety limit. A crafted wallet descriptor wi…

Stack-exhaustion / denial-of-service via crafted descriptor templateMissing recursion-depth accounting for parser-level wrapper expansionPatch adds explicit depth budget check and regression test
ed7cd029by Salvatore Ingala+75−63 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 31 AI analysisMessage 50 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Delete MAX_POLICY_DEPTH; rather, align with MAX_PARSE_SCRIPT_RECURSION_DEPTH from the parsing stage

This commit changes how deeply nested Bitcoin wallet policies can be when processed by a Ledger hardware wallet app. It removes a separate, smaller limit (10 levels) and instead uses the same deeper limit already applied during an earlier …

Depth-limit constant unified across parsing and processing stagesRemoval of a stricter local limit that could create inconsistent policy acceptanceNo new input validation or memory safety bug introduced by the diff itself
bb5386b0by Salvatore Ingala+3−41 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Fix wrong comment in policy_node_thresh_t

This commit only changes a code comment to accurately describe how child scripts are stored. It does not alter any actual program logic, data structures, or behavior, so it has no security impact.

fbbdca3fby Salvatore Ingala+1−11 file
No security note in commit
Low 42 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Disable musig in key expressions of musig_a/sortedmulti_a

This commit temporarily blocks a specific advanced Bitcoin wallet feature (MuSig inside multi_a/sortedmulti_a) because the code that reads those wallet descriptions doesn't handle it correctly yet. It's a defensive change to prevent malfor…

Parser hardening for unsupported nested MuSig expressionsAddition of negative unit tests for malformed/unsupported policiesCommentary in code explicitly notes incompatibility and temporary disablement
558854ebby Salvatore Ingala+24−132 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 62 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Additional integrity checks for Merkle proofs

This commit adds extra safety checks when the Ledger Bitcoin app verifies Merkle proofs, which are cryptographic evidence used to confirm that a piece of data belongs to a larger set. The changes ensure that the proof length matches the ex…

Merkle proof length validation against leaf depthEnforcement of Merkle leaf prefix byte 0x00Prevention of streaming invalid preimage data before callback invocation
c44c9b8bby Salvatore Ingala+32−44 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 55 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Add unit tests for get_merkle_preimage

This commit only adds new unit tests for existing code. It does not change any production behavior, fix a bug, or introduce new functionality. The tests verify that certain security checks (proof length and domain separator checks) already…

Test-only commit with no production code changesTests verify existing Merkle proof length validation rejects internal-node-as-leaf and overlong proofsTests verify existing leaf preimage domain-separator check rejects internal-node preimages and non-zero prefixes
05445baeby Salvatore Ingala+334−03 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Type consistency in psbt_parse_rawtx, and some other hardenings

This commit hardens a Bitcoin transaction parser in Ledger's app. It changes some numeric fields to safer types, adds bounds checks on transaction counts and sizes, rejects extra trailing bytes after a transaction, checks a previously-igno…

Integer type narrowing and sentinel change from -1 to SIZE_MAXBounds checks before uint64_t to unsigned int castsReturn value of parser_consolidate_buffers now checked
1af86279by Salvatore Ingala+66−173 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 50 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Sign consistency for parser steps; removed stale comment

This commit only changes the declared type of three array-length constants from signed int to unsigned size_t, and removes two stale comments about a 10,000-byte limit. There is no change to program logic, memory allocation, bounds checkin…

373f4a56by Salvatore Ingala+7−72 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Harden prevout tx parsing checks

This commit tightens how the Ledger Bitcoin app parses previous transaction data when signing Bitcoin transactions. It adds size limits and completion checks that prevent malformed or oversized previous transaction outputs from being proce…

Adds explicit bounds checks on prevout scriptPubKey lengthsSwitches signed integer length arithmetic to size_t to avoid negative-length edge casesAdds completion check for streamed raw previous transaction parsing
0df0add4by Salvatore Ingala+44−64 files
No security note in commit
Informational 18 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Fix taptree hash computation in test_utils

This commit fixes a copy-paste bug in test helper code used during automated testing of Ledger's Bitcoin app. The bug caused the right-hand branch of a Taproot script tree to be ignored and the left-hand branch to be hashed twice when comp…

Incorrect cryptographic hash construction in Taproot taptree root computationCopy-paste error causing left subtree to be hashed twice and right subtree omittedTest-only code path, not production firmware
7cba440aby Salvatore Ingala+6−52 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
LD LedgerLedger Bitcoin app BitcoinHardware wallets

Do not truncate preset names

This commit removes manual shortening of preset names in a developer-only playground GUI and lets the UI toolkit handle truncation automatically. It is a cosmetic/usability fix with no apparent security relevance.

9f57d1a4by Salvatore Ingala+9−41 file
No security note in commit
Repository ledger

Explore captured commits

Expand any commit for its author, full message, clarity score, changed files, triage signals, analysis, and source link.

Security candidateUnit tests adaptationby Ilya Artemov · c6a38bd0 · Feb 18, 2026 · 10 filesMessage 38 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Unit tests adaptation

38/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body! Opaque security-relevant change
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet pathparser or protocol path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine maintenance change to the project's unit tests. It updates the test build system to use shared utility code from the Ledger SDK instead of local copies, deletes tests for functions that now live in the SDK, and adds a couple of new test cases for wallet policy parsing. There is no change to the actual Bitcoin app code that runs on the device, and nothing in the commit suggests a security fix or vulnerability.

Security candidateUsing files from the SDK/lib_standard_appby Ilya Artemov · 9561a076 · Feb 18, 2026 · 107 filesMessage 45 · ThinLow 32Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Using files from the SDK/lib_standard_app

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet pathparser or protocol path
AI analysis · Low 32/100

This commit is a large refactoring that replaces many locally-implemented utility files (for parsing APDUs, buffers, base58, BIP32, varints, read/write helpers, etc.) with equivalent files from Ledger's official SDK library (lib_standard_app). It also renames some local files (e.g., io.c -> io_ext.c, buffer.c -> buffer_ext.c) to hold only app-specific extensions. The change itself is not a security patch; it is a code-maintenance / deduplication move. However, any large-scale dependency switch can introduce subtle behavioral differences or regressions, so it warrants careful review rather than alarm.

AI review queuedreusable_codeql_checksby Ilya Artemov · 5519ed10 · Feb 17, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 18 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

reusable_codeql_checks

18/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! Too few words to establish purpose! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discountsecond-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only changes the project's GitHub Actions workflow file. It replaces an inline CodeQL security-scanning job with a call to a shared, reusable workflow maintained by Ledger. No application source code, cryptographic logic, or user-facing behavior is modified. There is no direct security vulnerability in this change.

AI review queuedUsing standard UT workflowby Ilya Artemov · 226f50f9 · Feb 17, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 35 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Using standard UT workflow

35/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discountsecond-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only reorganizes how automated unit tests are run in the project's GitHub CI pipeline. It removes the inline unit-test job from one workflow file and replaces it with a call to a shared Ledger reusable workflow. No application code, cryptographic logic, or user-facing behavior was changed. There is no security-relevant change visible in the diff.

Lower-priorityUpdate CHANGELOG.md for release 2.4.5by Salvatore Ingala · a29cc918 · Feb 10, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Update CHANGELOG.md for release 2.4.5

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only edits the changelog text: it updates a release date and capitalizes some bullet points. No code was changed, so it cannot by itself introduce, fix, or exploit a security issue. The changelog does mention that version 2.4.5 fixes a signing bug and changes a derivation flag, but those actual code changes are not present in this diff.

Security candidateFix issues with the communication protocol when data is chunkedby Salvatore Ingala · 0586ab2f · Feb 10, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 73 · AdequateHigh 71Details
Commit message · Salvatore Ingala

Fix issues with the communication protocol when data is chunked

- get_merkle_preimage failed to update the data_ptr pointer
- fpt_der_data_callback would read corrupted data if a zero-length
chunk (or one starting with a very large varint that does not fit
in the first chunk) is received.

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet path
AI analysis · High 71/100

This commit fixes two bugs in the Ledger Bitcoin app's data-receiving code when large messages are split into multiple chunks. One bug caused the app to hash and copy from the wrong memory location after the first chunk, potentially corrupting a cryptographic proof. The other bug could read corrupted data or behave incorrectly if an empty chunk arrived, or if a taproot PSBT field started with a very large variable-length integer. These are memory/data-integrity issues in security-critical signing code, but the commit does not state they are exploitable for theft.

Lower-priorityMerge pull request #416 from LedgerHQ/mbr/jfrog-rs-clientby Mathias BROUSSET · d906a668 · Jan 20, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 58 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

Merge pull request #416 from LedgerHQ/mbr/jfrog-rs-client

jfrog rs client

58/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Links an issue, advisory, or supporting reference! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
merge-commit duplicate discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit adds an automated GitHub Actions job to publish the Rust Bitcoin client library to a package registry (including JFrog) when a version tag is pushed. It also changes the package author metadata from an individual contributor to 'Ledger' and adds a README acknowledgement for that contributor. There are no code changes to the library itself and no apparent security implications.

Security candidateTypo fixesby Ilya Artemov · 574e3528 · Jan 20, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 0 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Typo fixes

0/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
! Very short subject! Too few words to establish purpose! No meaningful explanatory body! Opaque security-relevant change
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit fixes two spelling mistakes: one in the changelog ('jome' to 'home') and one in a code comment ('In te case' to 'In the case'). No program logic, security behavior, or functionality was changed.

Lower-prioritydo NOT do a github release upon new pypi deploymentby Mathias BROUSSET · d7dcb8d7 · Jan 14, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

do NOT do a github release upon new pypi deployment

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit changes a single setting in the project's automated CI workflow. It stops GitHub from automatically creating a new GitHub Release every time a new Python package is published to PyPI. This is a workflow/process change, not a code change affecting the app, wallet, or any security-sensitive functionality.

AI review queuedadd deployment instructionsby Mathias BROUSSET · a4503abc · Jan 14, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 35 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

add deployment instructions

35/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discountsecond-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only adds documentation to the README explaining how maintainers should create release tags to trigger automatic publishing of the Python, JavaScript, and Rust client packages. No code, configuration, or security behavior was changed.

Lower-prioritypublish pypi package through reusable_pypi_deployment.ymlby Mathias BROUSSET · e0332a58 · Jan 14, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

publish pypi package through reusable_pypi_deployment.yml

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit adds a new automated GitHub Actions job that builds and publishes a Python package to PyPI whenever a Git tag starting with 'pyclient' is pushed. It is a routine CI/CD configuration change with no apparent security relevance.

AI review queuedTaking remarks into accountby Mathias BROUSSET · a35b50f2 · Jan 13, 2026 · 4 filesMessage 35 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

Taking remarks into account

35/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine packaging and publishing cleanup for the JavaScript client. It renames the npm package from 'ledger-bitcoin' to '@ledgerhq/ledger-bitcoin', updates the README and package-lock.json accordingly, and moves the JS client deployment from a separate workflow triggered on pushes to the 'develop' branch into the main CI workflow triggered only by tags starting with 'jsclient-'. There is no change to the Bitcoin app firmware, cryptographic code, or any user-facing security behavior.

Lower-prioritytargeting correct workflow reference prior to mergingby Mathias BROUSSET · 610d314f · Jan 13, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

targeting correct workflow reference prior to merging

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
documentation-only discount
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit simply changes a GitHub Actions workflow to point at the correct, stable version of a reusable deployment workflow. It is a normal repository hygiene fix with no security relevance visible in the diff.

Lower-priorityPublish package to jfrog through reusable_npm_deployment.ymlby Mathias BROUSSET · 7037e2b3 · Jan 13, 2026 · 5 filesMessage 50 · ThinInformational 19Details
Commit message · Mathias BROUSSET

Publish package to jfrog through reusable_npm_deployment.yml

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 19/100

This commit is a packaging and publishing workflow change for Ledger's Bitcoin JavaScript client. It adds a GitHub Actions workflow to publish the package to JFrog and npm, renames the package from 'ledger-bitcoin' to '@ledgerhq/ledger-bitcoin', removes ESLint tooling, and adjusts published files. There is no direct evidence of a security vulnerability in the code changes, but the workflow pins to a non-default branch of a reusable workflow ('mbr/reusable-workflow-jfrog-npm') and removes linting tools, which slightly weakens supply-chain assurance.

Lower-priority[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · cadc96f0 · Jan 8, 2026 · 3 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates three test snapshot images used by an automated testing tool called Ragger. These snapshots are expected outputs of UI screens during automated tests. There are no code changes, no application logic changes, and no security-relevant modifications.

AI review queued2.4.5 version bumpby Ilya Artemov · 7bb127f3 · Jan 8, 2026 · 2 filesMessage 38 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

2.4.5 version bump

38/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine version bump from 2.4.4 to 2.4.5. It only updates the version number in the Makefile and adds a changelog entry describing unrelated feature and bug-fix changes. There is no code change in this commit itself, and nothing in the diff indicates a security vulnerability or security fix.

Lower-priorityEnabling getting xpub at L1 (test)by Ilya Artemov · d5f0fafd · Jan 8, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 55 · ThinInformational 12Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Enabling getting xpub at L1 (test)

55/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit only adds a new automated test case to the project's test suite. It checks that the Ledger Bitcoin app can display and return an extended public key (xpub) for a specific non-standard key path when the user approves on the device screen. There is no change to the actual app code, no security fix, and no vulnerability being introduced.

AI review queued[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · 44e2bf8c · Jan 8, 2026 · 24 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: unusually broad change
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates test snapshot images used by an automated testing framework called Ragger. These are reference screenshots of Ledger device screens during tests. No application code, firmware, or user-facing behavior was changed, so this has no security relevance on its own.

Security candidateEnabling getting xpub at L1by Ilya Artemov · b52d07ff · Jan 8, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 45 · ThinLow 29Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Enabling getting xpub at L1

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
cryptography-sensitive path
AI analysis · Low 29/100

This small code change fixes how the Bitcoin app builds extended public keys (xpubs) for the very first account level (called 'L1', meaning a BIP32 path with just one number, like m/44'). Before, the code always tried to look up a parent public key one level above the requested path. For a single-level path, there is no usable parent above it except the master key, so that lookup could fail or behave incorrectly. The patch adds a special case: when the path has exactly one element, it uses the master key's fingerprint as the parent fingerprint instead of trying to derive a non-existent parent. This is a correctness/reliability fix rather than an obvious security vulnerability, but a broken xpub could mislead wallet software about which key hierarchy it is dealing with.

Lower-priorityFixing network displayed name for recovery + small refactoringby Ilya Artemov · b40fb00f · Jan 8, 2026 · 4 filesMessage 50 · ThinInformational 18Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Fixing network displayed name for recovery + small refactoring

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 18/100

This commit fixes the on-screen name shown for a special 'Bitcoin Recovery' version of the Ledger Bitcoin app and removes some old, duplicated menu code. It is a user-interface cleanup, not a fix for a vulnerability that could steal funds or keys.

Lower-priorityRe-enabling HAVE_APPLICATION_FLAG_DERIVE_MASTER for bitcoin_recovery variant to allow all derivations paths including non-hardened onesby Michael Evans · c5cc7774 · Jan 7, 2026 · 1 fileMessage 73 · AdequateLow 35Details
Commit message · Michael Evans

Re-enabling HAVE_APPLICATION_FLAG_DERIVE_MASTER for bitcoin_recovery variant to allow all derivations paths including non-hardened ones

(cherry picked from https://github.com/LedgerHQ/app-bitcoin-new/pull/408)

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides an explanatory body✓ Links an issue, advisory, or supporting reference
Why it was queued
defensive validation
AI analysis · Low 35/100

This commit re-enables a build flag for a special 'bitcoin_recovery' app variant that lets it derive any key path, including non-hardened ones. The change is intentional and limited to a recovery/debug variant, not the main Bitcoin app. It is not a vulnerability by itself, but it removes a restriction on a variant that already had broad permissions, so it slightly increases the risk surface if that variant is misused or compromised.

Lower-priority[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots (patch version bump)by github-actions[bot] · 7dd24587 · Dec 15, 2025 · 3 filesMessage 50 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots (patch version bump)

50/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates three test snapshot images used by the Ragger testing framework. These are reference screenshots for automated UI tests on Ledger hardware device simulators. No application code, firmware logic, or security-sensitive files were changed.

AI review queuedPatch version bumpby Ilya Artemov · 8907740c · Dec 15, 2025 · 2 filesMessage 28 · OpaqueInformational 15Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Patch version bump

28/100 · OpaqueMessage clarity
✓ Subject identifies a change! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: opaque commit message
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit is a routine version bump from 2.4.3 to 2.4.4. It only updates the version number in the Makefile and adds a changelog entry describing two newly allowed Bitcoin derivation paths. There are no code changes in the diff, so it does not introduce, fix, or alter any security-relevant behavior on its own.

AI review queued[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshotsby github-actions[bot] · 40acd185 · Dec 15, 2025 · 24 filesMessage 45 · ThinInformational 15Details
Commit message · github-actions[bot]

[auto-update] Update Ragger snapshots

45/100 · ThinMessage clarity
✓ Descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component! No meaningful explanatory body
Why it was queued
second-pass: unusually broad change
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This commit only updates test screenshot images used by an automated testing tool called Ragger. No application code, firmware, or user-facing behavior was changed. It has no security relevance on its own.

Lower-priorityAdding few more tests including for Electrum and BIP-45 pathsby Ilya Artemov · 16dc0eff · Dec 15, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 60 · AdequateInformational 12Details
Commit message · Ilya Artemov

Adding few more tests including for Electrum and BIP-45 paths

60/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Mentions testing or verification! No meaningful explanatory body
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit only adds and updates automated tests for the Ledger Bitcoin app's extended public key feature. It does not change any application code, cryptographic logic, or security behavior. The tests verify that certain Bitcoin derivation paths (including Electrum and BIP-45 style paths) are accepted or rejected as expected. There is no indication of a security fix or vulnerability being patched.