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BitBox02 firmware

Firmware and bootloader for BitBox02 signing devices.

BitcoinHardware walletsNormal
Repository coverage

647 commits in the local evidence base

Every captured commit receives deterministic security triage and a separate communication-quality score. Security candidates and broader second-pass signals receive full-patch Ollama analysis.

193security candidates127second-pass queue230AI analyses
25commits · 30 days
47commits · 60 days
312commits · 180 days
647commits · 365 days
Backfill bands
Aug 5 → Feb 6335 seen28 candidatesComplete
Feb 6 → Jun 6265 seen19 candidatesComplete
Jun 6 → Jul 619 seen5 candidatesComplete
Jul 6 → Aug 526 seen3 candidatesComplete
Commit communication

Does the history explain itself?

Message quality measures whether a commit identifies its scope, purpose, rationale, testing, and supporting references. It does not change the security-severity score.

59/100 average clarity
65Strong · 80–100
281Adequate · 60–79
230Thin · 40–59
71Opaque · 0–39
23security candidates with opaque commit messaging
Read the scoring rubric →
Developer activity

Who is changing the project?

Public Git author strings; identities are not independently verified.

DeveloperCommitsCandidatesAnalyzedHigh riskMessage avg.
Marko Bencun390117135258
benma's agent892834162
Niklas Dusenlund1112931059
cedwies1257063
Tomas Vrba947074
Cedric Wiese1239049
Jad811062
thisconnect211072
benma211074
Niklas111035
Yasser Aziza111070
Patrick Steiger111045
Analysis record

Published AI watches

Last scanned 51 minutes ago

Moderate 60 AI analysisMessage 90 · Strong
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

backup: validate decoded seed length

This update fixes a bug in how the BitBox02 hardware wallet reads backup files from an SD card. A tampered backup file could claim to contain a seed longer than the 32-byte limit, which previously caused the device to panic (crash) when li…

Out-of-bounds/panic condition in backup parsingMissing input validation on decoded protobuf fieldSD-card backup file could be attacker-controlled
80baf1eeby benma's agent+34−01 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 39 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

rust: initialize C output buffers

This commit fixes a class of low-level memory-safety bugs where Rust code was given buffers containing uninitialized bytes. Rust's rules require every byte of a slice to be initialized, even if the function will overwrite them. Passing uni…

Undefined behavior at C/Rust FFI due to uninitialized buffers being treated as Rust slicesPotential optimizer-dependent behavior from violating Rust slice initialization rulesHardening of cryptographic output paths (SHA-256, HMAC-SHA256, HMAC-SHA512)
511018eaby benma's agent+52−2713 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
High 74 AI analysisMessage 78 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

eth: limit EIP-712 recursion depth

This commit adds a hard limit on how deeply nested Ethereum typed-message (EIP-712) structures can be when the BitBox02 hardware wallet signs them. Without the limit, an attacker could craft a message type that refers to itself over and ov…

Adds explicit recursion-depth cap to attacker-controlled input parsingPre-validates schema roots before host callbacks or user confirmationProtects against stack exhaustion / denial-of-service from deeply nested EIP-712 types
4ccadcc0by benma's agent+196−451 file
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 50 · Thin
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

py: extract bootloader connection

This commit is a minor code cleanup in a Python helper script. It moves existing bootloader connection logic into a small nested helper function to satisfy a style checker (pylint's limit on the number of return statements). No behavior ch…

886113d0by benma's agent+10−61 file
No security note in commit
Low 42 AI analysisMessage 78 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

Warn before truncated value displays

This commit adds a warning screen to the BitBox02 hardware wallet whenever a long message or value is about to be shown in a truncated form. Previously, the device could silently cut off the end of very long transaction details, message da…

UI truncation warning added before oversized confirmation bodiesCentralized body-size limit to keep Rust and C UI limits in syncReplaced duplicated warning logic with shared confirm_value helper
5b3aee6fby benma's agent+266−4710 files
No security note in commit
Informational 12 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

releases: add v9.26.2, v9.26.3 and v9.26.4

This commit is a routine release-management update. It adds signed build assertions for three new BitBox02 firmware versions (9.26.2, 9.26.3, 9.26.4) and updates the release documentation and build helper script. The build script now delet…

No firmware source code is modifiedNo cryptographic primitives or protocols are changedNo bug fixes or vulnerability mitigations are present in the diff
eed2e68eby Marko Bencun+79−116 files
No security note in commit
Informational 21 AI analysisMessage 68 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

eth: loosen EIP-712 identifier validation

This firmware update relaxes the rules for valid Ethereum typed-data (EIP-712) names so they can contain a colon (:), which some decentralized apps use as a namespace separator. Member names still cannot contain colons. The change is prese…

Input validation relaxation for externally supplied EIP-712 type namesExplicit claim that ':' cannot forge encodeType boundariesMember-name validation remains strict
9703d8d9by Marko Bencun+50−43 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 69 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

Limit SD erase file size

This commit fixes a bug in how the BitBox02 hardware wallet wipes files from its SD card. Before erasing a file, the device now checks the file's reported size against a safe maximum. Without this check, a tampered SD card could claim a fi…

CVE-2026-6682 referenced in commit messageMalformed FAT directory entry could cause excessive overwrite loopDenial-of-service via SD card tampering
2453f528by Marko Bencun+4−01 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
High 70 AI analysisMessage 66 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

Validate mounted FAT geometry

This update adds a safety check when the BitBox02 hardware wallet mounts a microSD card. A malicious or deliberately malformed FAT filesystem could trick the device's file-system library into placing user data inside attacker-controlled bo…

Fixes integer-wrap / geometry confusion in FAT mount logicAdds explicit post-mount validation of filesystem metadataPrevents data area from landing inside attacker-controlled FAT sectors
01c017d6by Marko Bencun+21−01 file
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 27 AI analysisMessage 69 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

Update FatFs to R0.16

This commit updates the third-party FatFs file-system library inside the BitBox02 firmware from version R0.14b to R0.16 plus an upstream patch. The change is a routine dependency refresh: it replaces the vendored source files with the newe…

Third-party dependency update (FatFs R0.14b -> R0.16+p1)No explicit security claim in commit messageNo CVE or advisory referenced in commit or supplied references
9f2b493dby Marko Bencun+3842−256979 files
No security note in commit
Low 34 AI analysisMessage 59 · Thin
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

api: add BitBoxSync

This commit adds a brand-new firmware feature called BitBoxSync, which lets the BitBox02 hardware wallet participate in a sync service by proving its identity, signing login/admin intents, and decrypting namespace encryption keys. The code…

New cryptographic API surface added to the hardware wallet (Ed25519, X25519, HKDF, AEAD)Vendored third-party crate `hkdf` introduced into the firmware supply chainNew user-confirmation flow for signing sync intents; one operation (UnwrapNamespaceDek) deliberately skips confirmation
54cdb54dby Marko Bencun+2883−2230 files
No security note in commit
Informational 0 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

blupgrade: update stage1 binaries to v1.2.2

This commit simply swaps in newer pre-built bootloader stage1 binary files (version 1.2.2 replacing 1.2.1) for four BitBox02 hardware variants and updates the corresponding checksum list. The actual code inside the new binary files is not …

5940a800by Marko Bencun+8−86 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 50 · Thin
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

bootloader/stage1: fix erase handling for partially erased blocks

This update fixes the BitBox02 bootloader's firmware-erase routine. Previously, when erasing leftover padding after a firmware update, the bootloader started erasing at the exact page where the firmware ended. Because flash memory can only…

Bootloader firmware erase routine could erase a flash block containing both firmware and paddingFix aligns erase start to erase-block boundary and re-checks erased state before erasingChangelog describes the change as a fix for 'partially erased flash blocks'
b31206a8by Marko Bencun+23−83 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 45 · Thin
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

blupgrade: add stage0/stage1 production binaries

This commit adds production bootloader upgrade files for the BitBox02 hardware wallet and updates build scripts to use them. It is a routine asset-management change: replacing placeholder development hashes with real signed production bina…

8db4b0dcby Marko Bencun+26−1720 files
No security note in commit
Informational 20 AI analysisMessage 83 · Strong
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

blupgrade: keep dev stage1 unsigned

This commit fixes a build script used only for development/testing versions of the BitBox02 bootloader upgrade. It makes the development-stage1 bootloader images unsigned again, while keeping production images fully signature-verified. The…

Signature verification relaxed only for development buildsProduction payload validation still requires signaturesDevelopment stage0 already skipped stage1 signature verification per commit message
476b90e3by Marko Bencun+9−69 files
No security note in commit
High 76 AI analysisMessage 23 · Opaque
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

security improvements

This BitBox02 firmware update is a broad security patch that fixes several independent bugs: it prevents a maliciously oversized USB report from overflowing memory, stops a corrupted Bluetooth pairing database from being read or written wi…

Bounds check added to USB HID Set Report input lengthBLE bond DB length validation hardened against negative and oversized valuesBootloader firmware image size limit relaxed to intended maximum
cbb40634by Marko Bencun+1117−25021 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Low 46 AI analysisMessage 60 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

bootloader: allow full sized images

This commit fixes a bootloader bug where the device rejected firmware updates that used the maximum allowed size. The off-by-one check meant legitimate full-sized firmware images could not be installed, potentially blocking updates. The fi…

Off-by-one input validation in firmware-update pathBootloader change affecting firmware chunk count acceptanceCHANGELOG labels the change as a bugfix for full-sized firmware upgrades
f60b93ccby Marko Bencun+5−33 files
No security note in commit
Moderate 59 AI analysisMessage 28 · Opaque
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

Add bootloader update

This is a large firmware commit that adds a new two-stage bootloader update mechanism for the BitBox02 hardware wallet. It replaces the old single bootloader with a small, fixed 'stage0' plus a separately signed 'stage1', and ships a speci…

Bootloader architecture changed from monolithic to two-stage (stage0 + signed stage1).Firmware signature hash now includes a 16-bit product_id, binding firmware to product variant.Root public keys were rotated/replaced with a single set across all products.
3f1f3172by Marko Bencun+5003−52379 files
Vendor flagged security relevance
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 73 · Adequate
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

Add flash data backup scripts

This commit adds two helper scripts for developers to back up and restore BitBox02 flash memory areas using a Segger J-Link debugger. The scripts require physical hardware access and a debugging probe, and they are not part of the firmware…

285fa768by Niklas Dusenlund+383−03 files
No security note in commit
Informational 15 AI analysisMessage 40 · Thin
BB BitBoxBitBox02 firmware BitcoinHardware wallets

bb03 UI: placeholder BTC signing workflows

This commit replaces unfinished placeholder code (which would crash with 'todo!()') with simple working user-interface placeholders for Bitcoin signing demonstrations. It adds basic on-screen prompts to confirm a recipient/amount and a tot…

f7b0b082by Jad+24−121 file
No security note in commit
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Security candidateui/trinary_input_string: merge autocomplete to optimize speedby Marko Bencun · a3a602bd · Aug 20, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 73 · AdequateInformational 12Details
Commit message · Marko Bencun

ui/trinary_input_string: merge autocomplete to optimize speed

_maybe_autocomplete is folded into _set_alphabet, so we avoid looping
over all bip39 words yet another time, making the keyboard more speedy.

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
secret or key material
AI analysis · Informational 12/100

This commit is a routine code cleanup in the on-screen keyboard used to type BIP39 wallet recovery words. It merges two functions that both scanned the BIP39 wordlist into one loop, aiming to make typing feel faster. There is no indication in the commit or supplied references that this fixes a security bug.

Security candidateui/trinary_input_string: merge two funcs to optimize speedby Marko Bencun · 966f5415 · Aug 20, 2025 · 1 fileMessage 73 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Marko Bencun

ui/trinary_input_string: merge two funcs to optimize speed

_set_can_confirm can be folded into _set_alphabet, so we avoid looping
over all bip39 words a second time, making the keyboard more speedy.

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
secret or key material
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This is a harmless code cleanup in the BitBox02 hardware wallet's on-screen keyboard. The developer merged two functions that did similar work into one, so the device no longer loops through the BIP39 word list twice when typing a recovery word. The visible behavior is unchanged; only performance improved.

Security candidateui/trinary_input_string: directly fetch bip39 wordsby Marko Bencun · e6b29798 · Aug 20, 2025 · 5 filesMessage 73 · AdequateInformational 15Details
Commit message · Marko Bencun

ui/trinary_input_string: directly fetch bip39 words

Previously the component was passed an array of string pointers, which
worked well with libwally's static BIP39 word list.

When we want to move to a Rust bip39 wordlist, we can't directly pass
Rust word string pointers (not null terminated).

This commit adapts the component to call a function to get a BIP39
word by index, which can be replaced with a Rust implementation later.

73/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context
Why it was queued
secret or key material
AI analysis · Informational 15/100

This is a routine internal refactoring of how the on-screen keyboard looks up BIP39 seed words. It changes the code from carrying around actual word strings to carrying around word numbers and asking a helper function for the word when needed. There is no security bug being fixed here and no new attack path introduced by the change itself.

Security candidatexpubcache: allow choosing if xpub computation should be repeatedby Marko Bencun · 73836b67 · Aug 19, 2025 · 11 filesMessage 78 · AdequateLow 29Details
Commit message · Marko Bencun

xpubcache: allow choosing if xpub computation should be repeated

End-goal: reduce the number of secure chip ops when signing a BTC
transaction, to reduce the chance of going over the Optiga chip's
"rate limit", which induces throttling.

By default keystore::get_xpub computed the xpub twice, to mitigate
potential bitflips, which could be bad when delivering the wrong
xpub (or derivatives) to the host.

When signing a transaction however, one does not need the extra
protection - if there is a bit flip, the resulting signature will be
invalid.

This commit reduces the number of secure chip ops needed when the
bitflip mitigation is not required.

The existing method `get_xpub` was renamed so the compiler can tell us
all the instances where we need to decide between one or the other.

78/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Names security-relevant behavior explicitly
Why it was queued
signing boundarycryptography-sensitive pathsigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Low 29/100

This commit is a performance and reliability optimization, not a typical security bug fix. It lets the BitBox02 firmware choose whether to compute an extended public key (xpub) once or twice. Computing twice helps catch rare hardware bit-flip errors when sharing xpubs with a computer. Computing once reduces workload on the secure chip during Bitcoin transaction signing, lowering the risk of hitting the chip's rate limit and causing throttling. The change is intentional and the security trade-off is documented: during signing, a bit flip would just produce an invalid signature, not leak or lose funds.

Security candidatekeystore: pass private key to nonce_commit() and sign()by Marko Bencun · cb3ddcee · Aug 7, 2025 · 9 filesMessage 78 · AdequateInformational 18Details
Commit message · Marko Bencun

keystore: pass private key to nonce_commit() and sign()

End-goal: reduce the number of secure chip ops when signing a BTC
transaction, to reduce the chance of going over the Optiga chip's
"rate limit", which induces throttling.

With antiklepto, we derived the private key twice for each input that
is signed: once to commit to the nonce, and after that to sign.

This commit decouples the nonce commit and sign functions from the
underlying keystore, and allows reusing a private key instead of
re-deriving it, which requires secure chip operations.

This halves the number of secure chip ops needed per input when
signing a BTC transaction.

We do not reuse the privkey for the other instances of
antiklepto (signing a msg, signing an ETH tx), as there it's one
commit/sign pair only and unlikely to cause secure chip throttling.

78/100 · AdequateMessage clarity
✓ Specific, descriptive subject✓ Names a concrete action or component✓ Provides detailed explanatory context✓ Names security-relevant behavior explicitly
Why it was queued
secret or key materialsigning boundarysigning or wallet path
AI analysis · Informational 18/100

This commit is a performance optimization for the BitBox02 hardware wallet. It changes how Bitcoin transaction signing uses the secure chip, so the device only derives a private key once per transaction input instead of twice. This reduces the chance of hitting the secure chip's rate limit and avoids throttling. The change does not appear to introduce a security flaw; it is a refactoring to reuse an already-derived key for two related signing steps.