refactor(core): assorted micropython-1.28.0 fixes

diff --git a/core/SConscript.firmware b/core/SConscript.firmware
index b817b019..00b62db7 100644
--- a/core/SConscript.firmware
+++ b/core/SConscript.firmware
@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@ SOURCE_MICROPYTHON = [
     'vendor/micropython/py/builtinhelp.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/builtinimport.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/compile.c',
+    'vendor/micropython/py/cstack.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/emitbc.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/emitcommon.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/emitglue.c',
@@ -377,6 +378,7 @@ SOURCE_MICROPYTHON = [
     'vendor/micropython/py/objboundmeth.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objcell.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objclosure.c',
+    'vendor/micropython/py/objcode.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objcomplex.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objdict.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objenumerate.c',
diff --git a/core/SConscript.unix b/core/SConscript.unix
index 9a0a8298..34e4597c 100644
--- a/core/SConscript.unix
+++ b/core/SConscript.unix
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ SOURCE_MICROPYTHON = [
     'vendor/micropython/py/builtinhelp.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/builtinimport.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/compile.c',
+    'vendor/micropython/py/cstack.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/emitbc.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/emitcommon.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/emitglue.c',
@@ -374,6 +375,7 @@ SOURCE_MICROPYTHON = [
     'vendor/micropython/py/objbool.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objboundmeth.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objcell.c',
+    'vendor/micropython/py/objcode.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objclosure.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objcomplex.c',
     'vendor/micropython/py/objdeque.c',
diff --git a/core/embed/projects/firmware/main.c b/core/embed/projects/firmware/main.c
index 01b59baf..ca814a32 100644
--- a/core/embed/projects/firmware/main.c
+++ b/core/embed/projects/firmware/main.c
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ int main_func(uint32_t cmd, void *arg) {
 
   // Execute the main script
   LOG_INF("Executing main script");
-  pyexec_frozen_module("main.py");
+  pyexec_frozen_module("main.py", false);
 
   // Clean up
   LOG_INF("Main script finished, cleaning up");
diff --git a/core/embed/projects/firmware/mpconfigport.h b/core/embed/projects/firmware/mpconfigport.h
index f5c710ae..7f40150f 100644
--- a/core/embed/projects/firmware/mpconfigport.h
+++ b/core/embed/projects/firmware/mpconfigport.h
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@
 #define MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL          (MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL_FLOAT)
 #define MICROPY_TIME_SUPPORT_Y2100_AND_BEYOND (1)
 #define MICROPY_STREAMS_NON_BLOCK   (1)
-#define MICROPY_MODULE_WEAK_LINKS   (0)
 #define MICROPY_CAN_OVERRIDE_BUILTINS (0)
 #define MICROPY_USE_INTERNAL_ERRNO  (1)
 #define MICROPY_ENABLE_SCHEDULER    (0)
diff --git a/core/embed/projects/firmware/mphalport.c b/core/embed/projects/firmware/mphalport.c
index 0b138cde..2dbd063f 100644
--- a/core/embed/projects/firmware/mphalport.c
+++ b/core/embed/projects/firmware/mphalport.c
@@ -37,9 +37,12 @@ int mp_hal_stdin_rx_chr(void) {
 #endif
 }
 
-void mp_hal_stdout_tx_strn(const char *str, size_t len) {
+mp_uint_t mp_hal_stdout_tx_strn(const char *str, size_t len) {
 #ifdef USE_DBG_CONSOLE
-  dbg_console_write(str, len);
+  ssize_t written = dbg_console_write(str, len);
+  return (written > 0 ? written : 0);
+#else
+  return 0;
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/core/embed/projects/unix/mpconfigport.h b/core/embed/projects/unix/mpconfigport.h
index 3852e03a..1692cd08 100644
--- a/core/embed/projects/unix/mpconfigport.h
+++ b/core/embed/projects/unix/mpconfigport.h
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@
 #define MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL          (MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL_FLOAT)
 #define MICROPY_TIME_SUPPORT_Y2100_AND_BEYOND (1)
 #define MICROPY_STREAMS_NON_BLOCK   (1)
-#define MICROPY_MODULE_WEAK_LINKS   (0)
 #define MICROPY_CAN_OVERRIDE_BUILTINS (0)
 #define MICROPY_VFS_POSIX           (1)
 #define MICROPY_USE_INTERNAL_ERRNO  (0)
diff --git a/core/embed/rust/librust.h b/core/embed/rust/librust.h
index fb46c75a..706a2c06 100644
--- a/core/embed/rust/librust.h
+++ b/core/embed/rust/librust.h
@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@ mp_obj_t protobuf_debug_msg_type();
 mp_obj_t protobuf_debug_msg_def_type();
 #endif
 
-extern mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorproto;
-extern mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorui_api;
-extern mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezortranslate;
-extern mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorble;
-extern mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorthp;
+extern const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorproto;
+extern const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorui_api;
+extern const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezortranslate;
+extern const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorble;
+extern const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorthp;
 
 #ifdef USE_DBG_CONSOLE
-extern mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorlog;
+extern const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_trezorlog;
 #endif
 
 #if !PYOPT
 mp_obj_t ui_debug_layout_type();
 
 #ifdef TREZOR_EMULATOR
-extern mp_obj_module_t mp_module_coveragedata;
+extern const mp_obj_module_t mp_module_coveragedata;
 #endif
 
 #endif
diff --git a/core/embed/upymod/build.rs b/core/embed/upymod/build.rs
index 1077c156..b8564174 100644
--- a/core/embed/upymod/build.rs
+++ b/core/embed/upymod/build.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
         if cfg!(feature = "emulator") {
             // There are two mpconfigport.h files in both ports/unix and projects/unix.
-            // The first one has precedence and is used for compilation.
+            // The first one has precedence and is used for compilation. We need mphalport.h
+            // from the other.
             lib.add_include("../projects/unix");
             lib.add_include(PathBuf::from(mpy_dir).join("ports/unix"));
         } else if cfg!(feature = "mcu_stm32") {
@@ -118,20 +119,11 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
         lib.add_sources_in_dir_with_attrs(mpy_dir, ["py/gc.c", "py/pystack.c", "py/vm.c"], attrs);
 
-        // silence warning about unterminated string literals
-        // TODO: remove this after we upgrade MicroPython
-        let attrs_silence_unterminated =
-            xbuild::CompileAttrs::new().with_flag("-Wno-unterminated-string-initialization");
-        lib.add_sources_in_dir_with_attrs(
-            mpy_dir,
-            ["extmod/moductypes.c"],
-            Some(attrs_silence_unterminated),
-        );
-
         lib.add_sources_in_dir(
             mpy_dir,
             [
                 "extmod/modtime.c",
+                "extmod/moductypes.c",
                 "shared/timeutils/timeutils.c",
                 "py/argcheck.c",
                 "py/asmarm.c",
@@ -146,6 +138,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
                 "py/builtinhelp.c",
                 "py/builtinimport.c",
                 "py/compile.c",
+                "py/cstack.c",
                 "py/emitbc.c",
                 "py/emitcommon.c",
                 "py/emitglue.c",
@@ -164,8 +157,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
                 "py/modmicropython.c",
                 "py/modstruct.c",
                 "py/modsys.c",
-                "py/modthread.c",
-                "py/moderrno.c",
                 "py/mpprint.c",
                 "py/mpstate.c",
                 "py/mpz.c",
@@ -177,6 +168,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
                 "py/objboundmeth.c",
                 "py/objcell.c",
                 "py/objclosure.c",
+                "py/objcode.c",
                 "py/objcomplex.c",
                 "py/objdeque.c",
                 "py/objdict.c",
@@ -232,8 +224,6 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         );
 
         if cfg!(feature = "emulator") {
-            lib.add_defines([("MP_CONFIGFILE", Some("\"mpconfigport.h\""))]);
-
             if cfg!(feature = "frozen") {
                 lib.add_define("TREZOR_EMULATOR_FROZEN", None);
             }
diff --git a/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorcrypto/modtrezorcrypto-monero.h b/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorcrypto/modtrezorcrypto-monero.h
index 10438e31..a67614b3 100644
--- a/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorcrypto/modtrezorcrypto-monero.h
+++ b/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorcrypto/modtrezorcrypto-monero.h
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ typedef struct _mp_obj_bignum256modm_t {
 
 static const mp_obj_type_t mod_trezorcrypto_monero_ge25519_type;
 static const mp_obj_type_t mod_trezorcrypto_monero_bignum256modm_type;
-STATIC const mp_obj_type_t mod_trezorcrypto_monero_hasher_type;
 
 #define MP_OBJ_IS_GE25519(o) \
   MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE((o), &mod_trezorcrypto_monero_ge25519_type)
diff --git a/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorutils/modtrezorutils.c b/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorutils/modtrezorutils.c
index 42d8ba08..50300ce6 100644
--- a/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorutils/modtrezorutils.c
+++ b/core/embed/upymod/modtrezorutils/modtrezorutils.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #if MICROPY_OOM_CALLBACK
 #include <py/gc.h>
 #endif
+#include "py/objmodule.h"
 #include "py/objstr.h"
 #include "py/runtime.h"
 
@@ -445,7 +446,7 @@ static MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_0(mod_trezorutils_estimate_unused_stack_obj,
 
 #if MICROPY_OOM_CALLBACK
 static void gc_oom_callback(void) {
-  gc_dump_info();
+  gc_dump_info(&mp_plat_print);
 #if BLOCK_ON_VCP
   dump_meminfo_json(NULL);  // dump to stdout
 #endif
@@ -517,7 +518,7 @@ static mp_obj_t mod_trezorutils_update_gc_info() {
   // pointers (resulting in `gc_mark_subtree` false-positives).
 #ifdef TREZOR_EMULATOR
   if (prev_free > current_gc_info.free) {
-    gc_dump_info();
+    gc_dump_info(&mp_plat_print);
     mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_AssertionError,
                  MP_ERROR_TEXT("Free heap size decreased"));
   }
diff --git a/core/embed/upymod/trezorobj.h b/core/embed/upymod/trezorobj.h
index 825f229d..835d2370 100644
--- a/core/embed/upymod/trezorobj.h
+++ b/core/embed/upymod/trezorobj.h
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
 // Casts int object into mp_int_t, without any conversions. Raises if object is
 // not int or if it does not fit into mp_int_t representation.
 static inline mp_int_t trezor_obj_get_int(mp_obj_t obj) {
-  if (MP_OBJ_IS_SMALL_INT(obj)) {
+  if (mp_obj_is_small_int(obj)) {
     mp_int_t i = MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(obj);
     return i;
-  } else if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(obj, &mp_type_int)) {
+  } else if (mp_obj_is_exact_type(obj, &mp_type_int)) {
     mp_int_t i = 0;
     mp_obj_int_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(obj);
     if (!mpz_as_int_checked(&self->mpz, &i)) {
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ static inline mp_int_t trezor_obj_get_int(mp_obj_t obj) {
 // not int or if it does not fit into mp_uint_t representation (or is less than
 // 0).
 static inline mp_uint_t trezor_obj_get_uint(mp_obj_t obj) {
-  if (MP_OBJ_IS_SMALL_INT(obj)) {
+  if (mp_obj_is_small_int(obj)) {
     mp_int_t i = MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(obj);
     if (i < 0) {
       mp_raise_TypeError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("value is negative"));
     }
     mp_uint_t u = i;
     return u;
-  } else if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(obj, &mp_type_int)) {
+  } else if (mp_obj_is_exact_type(obj, &mp_type_int)) {
     mp_uint_t u = 0;
     mp_obj_int_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(obj);
     if (!mpz_as_uint_checked(&self->mpz, &u)) {
@@ -89,20 +89,21 @@ static inline uint16_t trezor_obj_get_uint16(mp_obj_t obj) {
 }
 
 static inline uint64_t trezor_obj_get_uint64(mp_const_obj_t obj) {
-  if (MP_OBJ_IS_SMALL_INT(obj)) {
+  if (mp_obj_is_small_int(obj)) {
     mp_int_t i = MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(obj);
     if (i < 0) {
       mp_raise_TypeError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("value is negative"));
     }
     mp_uint_t u = i;
     return u;
-  } else if (MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(obj, &mp_type_int)) {
+  } else if (mp_obj_is_exact_type(obj, &mp_type_int)) {
     uint64_t u = 0;
     mp_obj_int_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(obj);
     if (self->mpz.neg != 0) {
       mp_raise_TypeError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("value is negative"));
     }
-    mpz_as_bytes(&self->mpz, MP_ENDIANNESS_BIG, sizeof(uint64_t), (byte *)&u);
+    mpz_as_bytes(&self->mpz, MP_ENDIANNESS_BIG, /*as_signed=*/false,
+                 sizeof(uint64_t), (byte *)&u);
     return u;
   } else {
     mp_raise_TypeError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("value is not int"));
diff --git a/core/tests/test_apps.nem.transfer.py b/core/tests/test_apps.nem.transfer.py
index 478dc304..1db7ece9 100644
--- a/core/tests/test_apps.nem.transfer.py
+++ b/core/tests/test_apps.nem.transfer.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class TestNemTransfer(unittest.TestCase):
             bytes.fromhex(
                 "8d07f90fb4bbe7715fa327c926770166a11be2e494a970605f2e12557f66c9b9"
             ),
-            bytearray("Good luck!"),
+            b"Good luck!",
             False,
         )
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class TestNemTransfer(unittest.TestCase):
             bytes.fromhex(
                 "994793ba1c789fa9bdea918afc9b06e2d0309beb1081ac5b6952991e4defd324"
             ),
-            bytearray("sending you 3 pairs of paddles\n"),
+            b"sending you 3 pairs of paddles\n",
             False,
         )
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class TestNemTransfer(unittest.TestCase):
             bytes.fromhex(
                 "f85ab43dad059b9d2331ddacc384ad925d3467f03207182e01296bacfb242d01"
             ),
-            bytearray("enjoy! :)"),
+            b"enjoy! :)",
             False,
         )
         serialize_mosaic(t, "imre.g", "tokens", 1)